From Proto-Finnic *laiva, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *flawją; cognates include Estonian laev. Compare also Lithuanian laivas (“ship”).
laiva
Inflection of laiva (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | laiva | laivat | ||
genitive | laivan | laivojen | ||
partitive | laivaa | laivoja | ||
illative | laivaan | laivoihin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | laiva | laivat | ||
accusative | nom. | laiva | laivat | |
gen. | laivan | |||
genitive | laivan | laivojen laivainrare | ||
partitive | laivaa | laivoja | ||
inessive | laivassa | laivoissa | ||
elative | laivasta | laivoista | ||
illative | laivaan | laivoihin | ||
adessive | laivalla | laivoilla | ||
ablative | laivalta | laivoilta | ||
allative | laivalle | laivoille | ||
essive | laivana | laivoina | ||
translative | laivaksi | laivoiksi | ||
abessive | laivatta | laivoitta | ||
instructive | — | laivoin | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
From Proto-Finnic *laiva. Cognates include Finnish laiva and Estonian laev.
laiva
Declension of laiva (type 3/kana, no gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | laiva | laivat |
genitive | laivan | laivoin |
partitive | laivaa | laivoja |
illative | laivaa | laivoi |
inessive | laivaas | laivois |
elative | laivast | laivoist |
allative | laivalle | laivoille |
adessive | laivaal | laivoil |
ablative | laivalt | laivoilt |
translative | laivaks | laivoiks |
essive | laivanna, laivaan | laivoinna, laivoin |
exessive1) | laivant | laivoint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
Cognates include Latvian laiva and Lithuanian laivas. Related to Proto-Finnic *laiva, and thus Finnish laiva and Estonian laev.
laiva f (diminutive laiveņa)
Cognates include Lithuanian laĩvas, dialectal laĩvė, archaic laĩva. The relationship by borrowing to Proto-Finnic *laiva (Finnish laiva “ship; nave”, Estonian laev, Livonian lōja) is also undisputed, leaving the question of which family had the word first. It is now identified as a borrowing from Proto-Germanic *flawją (cf. Old Norse fley “boat,” “raft”) into Finnic and thence Baltic, showing the Finnic sound law *vj > jv established by Koivulehto (1970). Earlier, a Baltic inherited origin had been sought. Karulis took the word to be perhaps originally used by Curonian fishermen and later spread to all the Eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, and offered the internal etymology Proto-Baltic *leiw-, *laiw-, from Proto-Indo-European *ley- with an extra -w, from *el-ey, from *Heh₃l- (“to bend, to turn”); this theory would make the original meaning “bent, concave (object).”
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laiva f (4th declension)