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English
Noun
layer-cake federalism (uncountable)
- Alternative form of layer cake federalism.
1967 March 16, Lou Panos, “Inside Baltimore”, in The Evening Sun, volume 114, number 127, Baltimore, Md., page D1, column 2:The official, Jonathan Lindley, explained that in old, “layer-cake federalism” Government agencies channeling money to the states were stacked one on the other like the layers of a cake.
1984, Donald F. Kettl, “The Maturing of American Federalism”, in Robert T. Golembiewski, Aaron Wildavsky, editors, The Costs of Federalism: Essays in Honor of James W. Fesler, Transaction Books, →ISBN, page 74:The classical view of layer-cake federalism presumed that each level of government specialized by function.
2009 January 2, Jesse Tangkhpanya, “Fitting tribute to a new year”, in Iowa City Press-Citizen, page 9A, columns 5–6:Think about it: It takes extraordinarily less effort to say Fair Share would force you into a union, force you to pay dues or use those dues for political activities, than it does to be on the defending side arguing the nuances of what collective bargaining and layer-cake federalism mean to average voters.
2013, David Emanuelson, Leisure Services Financial Management, Human Kinetics, →ISBN, page 139:An example of layer-cake federalism is recreation programs such as athletics or instructional programs.
2018, Nathalie Behnke, Sabine Kropp, editors, Ten Years of Federalism Reform in Germany: Dynamics and Effects of Institutional Development, Routledge, →ISBN:Still, the ideals of layer-cake federalism and institutional congruity retain their initial appeal, promising democratic accountability, allocative efficiency and transparency for the citizens. Is the real-life marble-cake federalism thus just a second-best solution to the non-attainable ideal of layer-cake federalism?