leden

English

Alternative forms

• ledden

Etymology

From Middle English leden, leoden, from Old English lēoden (“national or popular language”). More at leid and leed.

Noun

leden (uncountable)

1. (obsolete) Language; speech.
   • 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IV, Canto XI”, in The Faerie Queene. , London: [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

     he was expert in prophecies, / And could the ledden of the gods unfold […]

Anagrams

• elden, neeld

Czech

Czech Wikipedia has an article on:

leden

Wikipedia ^cs

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech leden, from Proto-Slavic *ledьnъ. By surface analysis, led (“ice”) +‎ -en.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Noun

leden m inan (related adjective lednový)

1. January

   Narodil jsem se šestého ledna roku 1981. ― I was born on the sixth of January 1981.

Usage notes

The genitive is used with dates without a preposition.

Declension

Derived terms

See also

• (Gregorian calendar months) měsíc gregoriánského kalendáře; leden, únor, březen, duben, květen, červen, červenec, srpen, září, říjen, listopad, prosinec ^{(Category: cs:Months)}

Further reading

• leden in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
• leden in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
• leden in Internetová jazyková příručka

Danish

Adjective

leden (neuter ledet, plural and definite singular attributive ledne)

1. (archaic) Passed, over, finished.
   • 1826, Carl Christian Rafn, Krakas maal: eller Kvad om kong Ragnar Lodbroks krigsbedrifter og heltedød, page 25:

     Glad skal jeg Øl med Aser / I Öndvege drikke / Ledne er Livets Timer / Leende gaaer jeg i Døden!

     Happily shall I beer with the Æsir / In the seat of honour drink / The hours of life are over / Laughing, I walk into death!

   • 1820, Dansk Ordbog: I - L, page 94:

     Leden adj. part. af v. lider procedo. Som er til Ende, forløben. Da vare ledne (forløbne) 4 Aar siden. Der hans meste Alder var leden (forbi). ...

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Noun

leden c

1. definite singular of lede

Verb

leden

1. common past participle of lide

Dutch

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -eːdən

• audio

  (file)

Noun

leden

1. plural of lid

Verb

leden

1. inflection of lijden:
   1. plural past indicative
   2. (dated or formal) plural past subjunctive

Anagrams

• delen, lende

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English lǣdan, from Proto-Germanic *laidijaną.

Alternative forms

• lede, leaden, leeden, lædden

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlɛːdən/

Verb

leden

2. to lead (guide, conduct, direct)
   • 1395, Wycliffe Bible, Romans 2:4‎:

     Whether `dispisist thou the richessis of his goodnesse, and the pacience, and the long abidyng? Knowist thou not, that the benygnyte of God ledith thee to forthenkyng?

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 1395, Wycliffe Bible, II Chronicles 25:11‎:

     Forsothe Amasie ledde out tristili his puple, and yede in to the valei of makyngis of salt, and he killide of the sones of Seir ten thousynde.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 1395, Wycliffe Bible, Isaiah 53:7‎:

     He was offrid, for he wolde, and he openyde not his mouth; as a scheep he schal be led to sleyng, and he schal be doumb as a lomb bifore hym that clippith it, and he schal not opene his mouth.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

3. to lead (manage, oversee, administrate)
4. to lead (rule, head, hold ultimate authority)
5. to carry, take, bring
6. to put, place, set down
7. to lead (a life), to live
8. to cause, engender, beget

Conjugation

Descendants

• English: lead (“guide”)
• Scots: leid, lede

References

• “lēden, v.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-03-25.

Etymology 2

From led (“lead”) +‎ -en (infinitival suffix).

Alternative forms

• lede, leedyn

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlɛːdən/

Verb

leden

2. To cover in lead; to attach lead to.
3. To make out of lead.
4. (figurative, rare) To dumb down; to stupidify.

Conjugation

Descendants

• English: lead (“cover in lead”)

References

• “lēden, v.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Etymology 3

From Old English lēaden; equivalent to led +‎ -en (“made of”).

Alternative forms

• leaden, ledyn, ledun, ledyng

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlɛːdən/

Adjective

leden

2. Made of lead; containing lead
3. Having the appearance of lead; leaden

Descendants

• English: leaden

References

• “leden,, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 28 April 2018.

Etymology 4

A conflation of Old English lēoden (“national language”); and Lǣden (“Latin”).

Alternative forms

• lede, ledne, ledene, ledden, liden
• (shortened) lede

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈleːdən/, /ˈlɛːdən/

Noun

leden

1. Latin (language)
3. A language or tongue.

   Synonyms: langage, speche, tonge, thede

4. singing, music

Descendants

• English: leed
• Scots: leed, leid, lied

References

• “lē̆den, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-03-25.

Etymology 5

From Old English lēodan; equivalent to lede (“people”) +‎ -en (plural suffix).

Noun

leden

1. (Early Middle English) plural of lede (“people”)

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

leden m

1. definite singular of led

Anagrams

• LED-en, delen, elden, led-en

Old Czech

Alternative forms

• ľeden (alternative writing)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ledьnъ. By surface analysis, led (“ice”) +‎ -en.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈlɛdɛn/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈlɛdɛn/

Noun

leden m inan

1. January

Declension

Descendants

• Czech: leden

See also

• (Gregorian calendar months) měsiec v kalendáři; leden, únor, břězen, duben, máj, črven, črvnec, srpen, zářuj, řújen, listopad, prosinec ^{(Category: zlw-ocs:Months)}

Further reading

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “leden”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *leděnъ. Cognate with Russian ледяной (ledjanoj), led (ice) or sladoled (sweet ice = ice cream).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lêden/
• Hyphenation: led‧en

Adjective

lȅden (definite lȅdenī, comparative ledènijī, Cyrillic spelling ле̏ден)

1. (relational) ice; icy, glacial
2. cold, frigid, chilled

   ledena kava ― iced coffee

3. crystalline, clear and transparent
4. relating to the ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum)
5. (figuratively) unwelcoming, coldhearted, unfeeling
6. (figuratively) (of fear, doubt, or surprise) immobilizing

Usage notes

Historically, lȅdan primarily meant “of or relating to ice”, while lȅden primarily meant “made of ice”, but each was often used for the other; today, lȅden is by far the more common of the two.

Declension

Synonyms

• lȅdan

References

• The template Template:R:sh:RJA does not use the parameter(s):

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  Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Pero Budmani, editor (1898-1903), “leden”, in Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika‎ (in Serbo-Croatian), volume 5, Zagreb: JAZU, page 950
• “leden” in Hrvatski jezični portal

Swedish

Noun

leden

1. definite singular of led (“joint”)
2. definite plural of led (“step”)

Anagrams

• delen, elden, en del