From Old Norse leir, from Proto-Germanic *laizą, cognate with Norwegian leir, Swedish ler. Probably from the Indo-European root *h₂leyH- (“to smear”).
ler n (singular definite leret, not used in plural form)
neuter gender |
Singular | |
---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | |
nominative | ler | leret |
genitive | lers | lerets |
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
ler
Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese leer, from Latin legere. Compare Portuguese ler.
ler (first-person singular present leo, first-person singular preterite lín, past participle lido)
ler (first-person singular present leio, first-person singular preterite lim or li, past participle lido, reintegrationist norm)
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (ti) |
Third-person (el / ela / Vde.) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | ler | |||||
Personal | ler | leres | ler | lermos | lerdes | leren |
Gerund | ||||||
lendo | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | lido | lidos | ||||
Feminine | lida | lidas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | leo | les | le | lemos | ledes | len |
Imperfect | lía | lías | lía | liamos | liades | lían |
Preterite | lín | liches | leu | lin | lestes | leron |
Pluperfect | lera | leras | lera | leramos | lerades | leran |
Future | lerei | lerás | lerá | leremos | leredes | lerán |
Conditional | lería | lerías | lería | leriamos | leriades | lerían |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | lea | leas | lea | leamos | leades | lean |
Imperfect | lese | leses | lese | lésemos | lésedes | lesen |
Future | ler | leres | ler | lermos | lerdes | leren |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | le | lea | leamos | lede | lean | |
Negative (non) | non leas | non lea | non leamos | non leades | non lean |
1Less recommended.
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “whence r?”)
ler
ler
ler
Unknown. Likely from Proto-Celtic *liros.
ler m (plural lers)
From Proto-Celtic *liros, either borrowed from an unknown substrate language or from Proto-Indo-European *leyH-.[1] Cognate with Welsh llŷr.
ler m or n (genitive lir)
As a masculine noun meaning "sea, ocean":
Masculine o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | ler | lerL | lirL |
Vocative | lir | lerL | liruH |
Accusative | lerN | lerL | liruH |
Genitive | lirL | ler | lerN |
Dative | liurL | leraib | leraib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
As a neuter noun meaning "a lot, large number, multitude":
Neuter o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | lerN | lerN | lerL, lera |
Vocative | lerN | lerN | lerL, lera |
Accusative | lerN | lerN | lerL, lera |
Genitive | lirL | ler | lerN |
Dative | liurL | leraib | leraib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
ler also ller after a proclitic ending in a vowel |
ler pronounced with /l(ʲ)-/ |
unchanged |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese leer, from Latin legere (“to read”). Compare Galician ler and Spanish leer.
ler (first-person singular present leio, first-person singular preterite li, past participle lido)
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (tu) |
Third-person (ele / ela / você) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | ler | |||||
Personal | ler | leres | ler | lermos | lerdes | lerem |
Gerund | ||||||
lendo | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | lido | lidos | ||||
Feminine | lida | lidas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | leio | lês | lê | lemos | ledes | leem, lêem1 |
Imperfect | lia | lias | lia | líamos | líeis | liam |
Preterite | li | leste | leu | lemos | lestes | leram |
Pluperfect | lera | leras | lera | lêramos | lêreis | leram |
Future | lerei | lerás | lerá | leremos | lereis | lerão |
Conditional | leria | lerias | leria | leríamos | leríeis | leriam |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | leia | leias | leia | leiamos | leiais | leiam |
Imperfect | lesse | lesses | lesse | lêssemos | lêsseis | lessem |
Future | ler | leres | ler | lermos | lerdes | lerem |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | lê | leia | leiamos | lede | leiam | |
Negative (não) | não leias | não leia | não leiamos | não leiais | não leiam |
1Superseded.
For quotations using this term, see Citations:ler.
From Latin legō, legere.
ler
ler
lȇr m (Cyrillic spelling ле̑р)
ler c
ler