linia

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See also: Linia, línia, linią, and Linią

Polish

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linia

Alternative forms

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin līnea.[1][2][3][4] First attested in 1535.[5] Compare Kashubian liniô and Silesian lynijŏ.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈliɲ.ja/
  • Audio 1:(file)
  • Audio 2:(file)
  • Rhymes: -iɲja
  • Syllabification: lin‧ia

Noun

linia f (diminutive linijka, related adjective linijny or liniowy)

  1. line (long shape, continuous mark, including as made by a pen)
  2. line (separating border)
  3. line (series of people or things placed next to each other)
    Synonyms: rząd, szereg
  4. line, figure (slim body or waist)
  5. line (external shape of something)
  6. line (oblong shape that is permanently formed by the folding of the skin in the palm of the hand, from which some people infer some aspect of a person's life)
  7. line (system of conduits for transmitting)
  8. line (telephone channel through which the call is established)
    Synonym: połączenie
  9. line (fixed route along which specific types of vehicles run)
    Synonym: trasa
  10. line (all vehicles running on such a route)
    Synonym: trasa
  11. line (enterprise that provides communication services of a specific type of means of transport, i.e. flying)
  12. line (written or printed row of letters, words, numbers or other text)
    Synonyms: wers, wiersz
  13. (military) line (place where combat occurs)
  14. (military) line (border defended by a military)
  15. line (set of devices installed in a specific order that are used for the industrial production of some type of product)
  16. (sometimes proscribed due to overuse) line (set of products or services sold by a business)
    Synonym: (prescribed) seria
  17. line (series or succession of ancestors or descendants of a given person)
  18. (literary) line (course of conduct)
    Synonym: kierunek
  19. (music) line (series of notes)
  20. (dated) ruler (measuring device)
    Synonyms: liniał, linijka
  21. line (boundary that separates people, groups of people or phenomena that are different in some respect)
  22. (printing) line (typesetting material, the mesh of which produces a print of a line of a certain thickness)
  23. (historical) line (unit of length used in Anglo-Saxon countries, formerly used in many countries; especially one twelfth of an inch)
  24. (Middle Polish) riverbank
    Synonym: brzeg rzeki
  25. (Middle Polish) principle, regulation, rule of conduct
  26. (Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain.
    • 1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon‎, page 127a:
      Filum, Nić. Filum etiam est, Strefa, Linia/ Sztrich.
      [Filum, Nić. Filum etiam est, Strefa, Linia/ Sztrych.]
  27. (Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain.
    • 1579-1597, Akta prawne miasta Kościerzyny‎, page 1580/11v:
      iako Opatrzny Pawel wrobel kupil od Vtciwego Bartoſza zwarki Szoltisa, Wmiaſteczku pliać, ktory lieży miedzy domem Iana Kurka ziedney strony a Frąckowym domem linie zdrugiey.
      [jako Opatrzny Pawel wróbel kupił od Utciwego Bartosza zwarki Szoltisa, W miasteczku plać, który leży miedzy domem Jana Kurka z jednej strony a Frąckowym domem linie z drugiej.]

Declension

Declension of linia
singular plural
nominative linia linie
genitive linii linii/linij (archaic)
dative linii liniom
accusative linię linie
instrumental linią liniami
locative linii liniach
vocative linio linie

Derived terms

adverbs
nouns
prepositions
verbs
adverb
nouns

Descendants

  • →? Russian: линия (linija) (or from German)

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), linia is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 44 times in scientific texts, 47 times in news, 19 times in essays, 14 times in fiction, and 8 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 132 times, making it the 456th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[6]

References

  1. ^ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “linia”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
  2. ^ Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965) “linia”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
  3. ^ Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “linia”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN
  4. ^ Brückner, Aleksander (1927) “linja”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna
  5. ^ Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “linia”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  6. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “linia”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 219

Further reading

Romanian

Etymology

From linie.

Verb

a linia (third-person singular present liniază, past participle liniat) 1st conjugation

  1. to line

Conjugation

    conjugation of linia (first conjugation, -ez- infix)
infinitive a linia
gerund liniind
past participle liniat
number singular plural
person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative eu tu el/ea noi voi ei/ele
present liniez liniezi liniază liniem liniați liniază
imperfect liniam liniai linia liniam liniați liniau
simple perfect liniai liniași linie liniarăm liniarăți liniară
pluperfect liniasem liniaseși liniase liniaserăm liniaserăți liniaseră
subjunctive eu tu el/ea noi voi ei/ele
present să liniez să liniezi să linieze să liniem să liniați să linieze
imperative — tu — — voi —
affirmative liniază liniați
negative nu linia nu liniați
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