liukua

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Finnish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *liukudak. Related to liukas and probably derived from the same root; liuk- +‎ -ua.

Pronunciation

Verb

liukua

  1. to slide (to move in continuous contact with a surface)
    Synonyms: liirata, luisua
    Lumi liukuu alas vuorenrinnettä.
    Snow slides down the side of a mountain
  2. to slide, glide (to pass along smoothly or unobservedly)
    Synonym: lipua
    Laivaa liukuu veden halki.
    A ship slides through the water.
  3. (music) to slide (to smoothly pass from one note to another by bending the pitch upwards or downwards)
  4. (music) to segue (to make a smooth transition from one theme to another)
    Beethovenin sinfoniat liukuvat vaivattomasti teemasta toiseen.
    Beethoven’s symphonies effortlessly segue from one theme to the next.
  5. (nautical) to plane, hydroplane (of a boat, to move in a way that lifts the bow out of the water)
    Synonym: plaanata
Conjugation
Inflection of liukua (Kotus type 52*D/sanoa, k-∅ gradation)
indicative mood
present tense perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. liu'un en liu’u 1st sing. olen liukunut en ole liukunut
2nd sing. liu'ut et liu’u 2nd sing. olet liukunut et ole liukunut
3rd sing. liukuu ei liu’u 3rd sing. on liukunut ei ole liukunut
1st plur. liu'umme emme liu’u 1st plur. olemme liukuneet emme ole liukuneet
2nd plur. liu'utte ette liu’u 2nd plur. olette liukuneet ette ole liukuneet
3rd plur. liukuvat eivät liu’u 3rd plur. ovat liukuneet eivät ole liukuneet
passive liu'utaan ei liu’uta passive on liu'uttu ei ole liu'uttu
past tense pluperfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. liu'uin en liukunut 1st sing. olin liukunut en ollut liukunut
2nd sing. liu'uit et liukunut 2nd sing. olit liukunut et ollut liukunut
3rd sing. liukui ei liukunut 3rd sing. oli liukunut ei ollut liukunut
1st plur. liu'uimme emme liukuneet 1st plur. olimme liukuneet emme olleet liukuneet
2nd plur. liu'uitte ette liukuneet 2nd plur. olitte liukuneet ette olleet liukuneet
3rd plur. liukuivat eivät liukuneet 3rd plur. olivat liukuneet eivät olleet liukuneet
passive liu'uttiin ei liu’uttu passive oli liu'uttu ei ollut liu'uttu
conditional mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. liukuisin en liukuisi 1st sing. olisin liukunut en olisi liukunut
2nd sing. liukuisit et liukuisi 2nd sing. olisit liukunut et olisi liukunut
3rd sing. liukuisi ei liukuisi 3rd sing. olisi liukunut ei olisi liukunut
1st plur. liukuisimme emme liukuisi 1st plur. olisimme liukuneet emme olisi liukuneet
2nd plur. liukuisitte ette liukuisi 2nd plur. olisitte liukuneet ette olisi liukuneet
3rd plur. liukuisivat eivät liukuisi 3rd plur. olisivat liukuneet eivät olisi liukuneet
passive liu'uttaisiin ei liu’uttaisi passive olisi liu'uttu ei olisi liu'uttu
imperative mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. — — 1st sing. — —
2nd sing. liu'u älä liu’u 2nd sing. — —
3rd sing. liukukoon älköön liukuko 3rd sing. olkoon liukunut älköön olko liukunut
1st plur. liukukaamme älkäämme liukuko 1st plur. — —
2nd plur. liukukaa älkää liukuko 2nd plur. — —
3rd plur. liukukoot älkööt liukuko 3rd plur. olkoot liukuneet älkööt olko liukuneet
passive liu'uttakoon älköön liu’uttako passive olkoon liu'uttu älköön olko liu'uttu
potential mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. liukunen en liukune 1st sing. lienen liukunut en liene liukunut
2nd sing. liukunet et liukune 2nd sing. lienet liukunut et liene liukunut
3rd sing. liukunee ei liukune 3rd sing. lienee liukunut ei liene liukunut
1st plur. liukunemme emme liukune 1st plur. lienemme liukuneet emme liene liukuneet
2nd plur. liukunette ette liukune 2nd plur. lienette liukuneet ette liene liukuneet
3rd plur. liukunevat eivät liukune 3rd plur. lienevät liukuneet eivät liene liukuneet
passive liu'uttaneen ei liu’uttane passive lienee liu'uttu ei liene liu'uttu
Nominal forms
infinitives participles
active passive active passive
1st liukua present liukuva liu'uttava
long 1st1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st liukuakseni liukuaksemme
2nd liukuaksesi liukuaksenne
3rd liukuakseen
liukuaksensa
past liukunut liu'uttu
2nd inessive2 liukuessa liu'uttaessa agent4 liukuma
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st liukuessani liukuessamme
2nd liukuessasi liukuessanne
3rd liukuessaan
liukuessansa
negative liukumaton
instructive liukuen —
1) Used only with a possessive suffix.

2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).

4) Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.
3rd inessive liukumassa —
elative liukumasta —
illative liukumaan —
adessive liukumalla —
abessive liukumatta —
instructive liukuman liu'uttaman
4th3 verbal noun liukuminen
5th1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st liukumaisillani liukumaisillamme
2nd liukumaisillasi liukumaisillanne
3rd liukumaisillaan
liukumaisillansa
Derived terms
adjectives
nouns
verbs

Further reading

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

liukua

  1. partitive singular of liuku

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *liukudak. Cognates include Finnish liukua and Estonian liuguda.

Pronunciation

Verb

liukua

  1. (intransitive) to skate; to slide; to ski; to bike
    • 1936, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 12:
      Liukuut konjkiil ja kelkkoil, lumenka tiukkaat, laatiit lumiukkoja, mäkijä tekkööt, veenkä valeloot ja pakkaist kutsuut.
      They are skating on ice skates and sliding on sleds, they're playing with the snow, making snowmen, making sledging hills, pouring with water and inviting the frost.

Conjugation

Conjugation of liukua (type 1/ampua, iuk-ivv gradation)
Indikativa
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular livvun en livvu 1st singular oon liukunt, oon liukunut en oo liukunt, en oo liukunut
2nd singular livvut et livvu 2nd singular oot liukunt, oot liukunut et oo liukunt, et oo liukunut
3rd singular liukuu ei livvu 3rd singular ono liukunt, ono liukunut ei oo liukunt, ei oo liukunut
1st plural livvumma emmä livvu 1st plural oomma liukuneet emmä oo liukuneet
2nd plural livvutta että livvu 2nd plural ootta liukuneet että oo liukuneet
3rd plural liukuut1), liukuvat2), livvutaa evät livvu, ei livvuta 3rd plural ovat liukuneet evät oo liukuneet, ei oo livvuttu
impersonal livvutaa ei livvuta impersonal ono livvuttu ei oo livvuttu
Imperfekta Pluskvamperfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular livvuin en liukunt, en liukunut 1st singular olin liukunt, olin liukunut en olt liukunt, en olt liukunut
2nd singular livvuit et liukunt, et liukunut 2nd singular olit liukunt, olit liukunut et olt liukunt, et olt liukunut
3rd singular liukui ei liukunt, ei liukunut 3rd singular oli liukunt, oli liukunut ei olt liukunt, ei olt liukunut
1st plural livvuimma emmä liukuneet 1st plural olimma liukuneet emmä olleet liukuneet
2nd plural livvuitta että liukuneet 2nd plural olitta liukuneet että olleet liukuneet
3rd plural liukuit1), liukuivat2), livvuttii evät liukuneet, ei livvuttu 3rd plural olivat liukuneet evät olleet liukuneet, ei olt livvuttu
impersonal livvuttii ei livvuttu impersonal oli livvuttu ei olt livvuttu
Konditsionala
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular liukuisin en liukuis 1st singular olisin liukunt, olisin liukunut en olis liukunt, en olis liukunut
2nd singular liukuisit, liukuist1) et liukuis 2nd singular olisit liukunt, olisit liukunut et olis liukunt, et olis liukunut
3rd singular liukuis ei liukuis 3rd singular olis liukunt, olis liukunut ei olis liukunt, ei olis liukunut
1st plural liukuisimma emmä liukuis 1st plural olisimma liukuneet emmä olis liukuneet
2nd plural liukuisitta että liukuis 2nd plural olisitta liukuneet että olis liukuneet
3rd plural liukuisiit1), liukuisivat2), livvuttais evät liukuis, ei livvuttais 3rd plural olisivat liukuneet evät olis liukuneet, ei olis livvuttu
impersonal livvuttais ei livvuttais impersonal olis livvuttu ei olis livvuttu
Imperativa
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular — — 1st singular — —
2nd singular livvu elä livvu 2nd singular oo liukunt, oo liukunut elä oo liukunt, elä oo liukunut
3rd singular liukukoo elköö liukuko 3rd singular olkoo liukunt, olkoo liukunut elköö olko liukunt, elköö olko liukunut
1st plural — — 1st plural — —
2nd plural liukukaa elkää liukuko 2nd plural olkaa liukuneet elkää olko liukuneet
3rd plural liukukoot elkööt liukuko, elköö livvuttako 3rd plural olkoot liukuneet elkööt olko liukuneet, elköö olko livvuttu
impersonal livvuttakkoo elköö livvuttako impersonal olkoo livvuttu elköö olko livvuttu
Potentsiala
Preesens
positive negative
1st singular liukunen en liukune
2nd singular liukunet et liukune
3rd singular liukunoo ei liukune
1st plural liukunemma emmä liukune
2nd plural liukunetta että liukune
3rd plural liukunoot evät liukune, ei livvuttane
impersonal livvuttannoo ei livvuttane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat Partisipat
active passive
1st liukua present liukuva livvuttava
2nd inessive liukujees past liukunt, liukunut livvuttu
instructive liukuen 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect.
2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect.
*) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (liukukaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well.
**) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative
***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential
****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd illative liukumaa
inessive liukumaas
elative liukumast
abessive liukumata
4th nominative liukumiin
partitive liukumista, liukumist

Derived terms

References

  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 269
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