livrer

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French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French livrer, inherited from Latin līberāre. Doublet of libérer.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /li.vʁe/
  • Audio:(file)

Verb

livrer

  1. to deliver (a package, merchandise etc.)
  2. to hand over, deliver (someone to an enemy, police, etc.)
  3. to betray
  4. to give away (a secret etc.); to confide, reveal, drop (a hint)
  5. (reflexive) abandon oneself, give oneself over
  6. (reflexive) to practise (a sport); be engaged in (a job, research); set up (an enquiry)

Conjugation

Conjugation of livrer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple livrer
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple livrant
/li.vʁɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle livré
/li.vʁe/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present livre
/livʁ/ 		livres
/livʁ/ 		livre
/livʁ/ 		livrons
/li.vʁɔ̃/ 		livrez
/li.vʁe/ 		livrent
/livʁ/
imperfect livrais
/li.vʁɛ/ 		livrais
/li.vʁɛ/ 		livrait
/li.vʁɛ/ 		livrions
/li.vʁi.jɔ̃/ 		livriez
/li.vʁi.je/ 		livraient
/li.vʁɛ/
past historic2 livrai
/li.vʁe/ 		livras
/li.vʁa/ 		livra
/li.vʁa/ 		livrâmes
/li.vʁam/ 		livrâtes
/li.vʁat/ 		livrèrent
/li.vʁɛʁ/
future livrerai
/li.vʁə.ʁe/ 		livreras
/li.vʁə.ʁa/ 		livrera
/li.vʁə.ʁa/ 		livrerons
/li.vʁə.ʁɔ̃/ 		livrerez
/li.vʁə.ʁe/ 		livreront
/li.vʁə.ʁɔ̃/
conditional livrerais
/li.vʁə.ʁɛ/ 		livrerais
/li.vʁə.ʁɛ/ 		livrerait
/li.vʁə.ʁɛ/ 		livrerions
/li.vʁə.ʁjɔ̃/ 		livreriez
/li.vʁə.ʁje/ 		livreraient
/li.vʁə.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present livre
/livʁ/ 		livres
/livʁ/ 		livre
/livʁ/ 		livrions
/li.vʁi.jɔ̃/ 		livriez
/li.vʁi.je/ 		livrent
/livʁ/
imperfect2 livrasse
/li.vʁas/ 		livrasses
/li.vʁas/ 		livrât
/li.vʁa/ 		livrassions
/li.vʁa.sjɔ̃/ 		livrassiez
/li.vʁa.sje/ 		livrassent
/li.vʁas/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — livre
/livʁ/ 		— livrons
/li.vʁɔ̃/ 		livrez
/li.vʁe/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Synonyms

Derived terms

Further reading

Old French

Etymology

From Latin līberāre, present active infinitive of līberō.

Verb

livrer

  1. to deliver
  2. to give birth; to deliver

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. In the present tense an extra supporting e is needed in the first-person singular indicative and throughout the singular subjunctive, and the third-person singular subjunctive ending -t is lost. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of livrer (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive livrer avoir livré
gerund en livrant gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle livrant
past participle livré
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses 		present livre livres livre livrons livrez livrent
imperfect livroie, livreie, livroe, livreve livroies, livreies, livroes, livreves livroit, livreit, livrot, livreve livriiens, livriens livriiez, livriez livroient, livreient, livroent, livrevent
preterite livrai livras livra livrames livrastes livrerent
future livrerai livreras livrera livrerons livreroiz, livrereiz, livrerez livreront
conditional livreroie, livrereie livreroies, livrereies livreroit, livrereit livreriiens, livreriens livreriiez, livreriez livreroient, livrereient
compound
tenses 		present perfect present tense of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
past anterior preterite tense of avoir + past participle
future perfect future tense of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses 		present livre livres livre livrons livrez livrent
imperfect livrasse livrasses livrast livrissons, livrissiens livrissoiz, livrissez, livrissiez livrassent
compound
tenses 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— livre — livrons livrez —

Derived terms

Descendants

  • French: livrer
  • → Middle English: lyveren
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