lišák

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See also: Lisak

Czech

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

lišák (male Vulpes vulpes)
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From liška +‎ -ák. It comes from Proto-Slavic *lisa, *lisъ. The modern form was probably also influenced by Proto-Slavic *lixъ (bad), maybe because the original word was taboo. Etymology of the expression *lisъ is not clear. It is often connected with Lithuanian lãpė, Latvian lapsa, Irish lois, Latin vulpes, Ancient Greek ἀλώπηξ (alṓpēx), Old Armenian աղուէս (ałuēs) (all meaning "fox") and Sanskrit लोपाश (lopāśa, a kind of jackal).[1]

Noun

lišák m anim (female equivalent liška)

  1. male fox, reynard
    • 1920, Rudolf Těsnohlídek, Liška Bystrouška, Brno: Polygrafie, page 203:
      Bystrouška byla docela spokojena a s lítostí vzpomínala na starého tátu lišáka, co se chudák časem nasháněl a nastaral, než přinesl starou kavku pro celou svou rodinu.
      Sharp-ears was quite satisfied and regretfully remembered the old father reynard, how much time he, poor one, used to spend before he brought an old jackdaw for all his family.
  2. fox (a cunning person)
    Synonyms: liška, liška podšitá, podšívka
    • 1932, Karel Čapek, “Thersites”, in Kniha apokryfů:
      My Helénové válčíme za první proto, aby starý lišák Agamemnon nahrabal plné pytle kořisti; za druhé proto, aby hejsek Achilles ukojil svou nezřízenou ctižádost; za třetí proto, aby podvodník Odysseus nás okrádal na válečných dodávkách; a konečně proto, aby jakýsi podplacený jarmareční zpěvák, nějaký Homér, nebo jak se ten pobuda jmenuje, za špinavých pár šestáků dělal slávu největším zrádcům řeckého národa a přitom hanobil, nebo aspoň umlčel ty pravé, skromné, obětavé hrdiny achajské, jako jste vy. Tak je to, Hippodame.
      We, Hellenes, wage wars firstly so that the old fox Agamemnon filled his bags with loot; secondly so that the dandy Achilles satisfied his exuberant ambitions; thirdly so that the fraud Odysseus robbed us of war supplies; and finally so that some bribed fairground singer, some Homer or whatever the vagabond's name is, for a few coins made the biggest traitors of the Greek nation famous and at the same time defamed the real, modest and self-sacrificing Achaean heroes as you are. That's how it is, Hippodamus.
Declension
Derived terms

Etymology 2

The fungus of the genus Hydnum acquired the name due to the similar colour of some of their species with fox (Czech liška, male lišák, see Etymology 1).

Noun

lišák ryšavý (Hydnum rufescens)
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Wikispecies lišák m inan

  1. fungi of genus Hydnum, of in the family Hydnaceae
    Synonym: lošák
Usage notes

Although the word lišák in the sense Hydnum should be declined as masculine inanimate, in practical colloquial usage the animate declension also sometimes appears.[2]

Declension

when inanimate:

when animate:

Hypernyms
Hyponyms
Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Rejzek, Jiří (2015) “liška”, in Český etymologický slovník (in Czech), 3rd (revised and expanded) edition, Praha: LEDA, →ISBN, page 382
  2. ^ Z našich časopisů, Naše řeč, volume 30 (1946), issue 2–3

Further reading

  • lišák at Myko atlas, Česká mykologická společnost.
  • lišák”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
  • lišák”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
  • lišák”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)