llyfu

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Welsh

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *ligeti (compare Old Irish ligid, Modern Irish ligh), from Proto-Indo-European *leyǵʰ-.

Pronunciation

Verb

llyfu (first-person singular present llyfaf)

  1. to lick

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future llyfaf llyfi llyf, llyfa llyfwn llyfwch llyfant llyfir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional 		llyfwn llyfit llyfai llyfem llyfech llyfent llyfid
preterite llyfais llyfaist llyfodd llyfasom llyfasoch llyfasant llyfwyd
pluperfect llyfaswn llyfasit llyfasai llyfasem llyfasech llyfasent llyfasid, llyfesid
present subjunctive llyfwyf llyfych llyfo llyfom llyfoch llyfont llyfer
imperative — llyf, llyfa llyfed llyfwn llyfwch llyfent llyfer
verbal noun llyfu
verbal adjectives llyfedig
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms singular plural
first second third first second third
future llyfa i, llyfaf i llyfi di llyfith o/e/hi, llyfiff e/hi llyfwn ni llyfwch chi llyfan nhw
conditional llyfwn i, llyfswn i llyfet ti, llyfset ti llyfai fo/fe/hi, llyfsai fo/fe/hi llyfen ni, llyfsen ni llyfech chi, llyfsech chi llyfen nhw, llyfsen nhw
preterite llyfais i, llyfes i llyfaist ti, llyfest ti llyfodd o/e/hi llyfon ni llyfoch chi llyfon nhw
imperative — llyfa — — llyfwch —
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms

  • llyfu traed (“to flatter”, literally “to lick boots”)
  • (vulgar) llyfu tin (“to arselick”)

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
llyfu lyfu unchanged unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “llyfaf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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