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English
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Etymology
From Middle English lord and lorde (attested from the 15th century), from earlier (14th century) lourde and other variants which dropped the intervocalic consonant of earlier lowerd , louerd , loverd , laford , and lhoaverd ; from Old English hlāford < hlāfweard , a compound of hlāf ( “ bread ” ) + weard ( “ guardian ” ) ; see loaf and ward . The term was already being applied broadly prior to the literary development of Old English and was influenced by its common use to translate Latin dominus . Compare Scots laird ( “ lord ” ) , preserving a separate vowel development (from northern/Scottish Middle English lard , laverd ), the Old English compound hlāf-ǣta ( “ servant ” , literally “ bread -eater ” ) , and modern English lady , from Old English hlǣfdīġe ( “ bread -kneader ” ) . The Middle English word laford was borrowed by Icelandic, where it survives as lávarður .
Pronunciation
Noun
lord (plural lords )
( obsolete ) The master of the servants of a household ; ( historical ) the master of a feudal manor
c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare , “The Merchant of Venice ”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies (First Folio ), London: Isaac Iaggard , and Ed Blount , published 1623 , →OCLC , , line 167 :
( archaic ) The male head of a household , a father or husband .
831 , charter in Henry Sweet, The oldest English texts , 445
Ymbe ðet lond et cert ðe hire eðelmod hire hlabard salde.
c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare , “The Taming of the Shrew ”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies (First Folio ), London: Isaac Iaggard , and Ed Blount , published 1623 , →OCLC , , line 131 :
1815 December (indicated as 1816 ), [Jane Austen ], chapter XVI, in Emma: , volume III, London: for John Murray , →OCLC , page 300 :Yes, here I am, my good friend; and here I have been so long, that anywhere else I should think it necessary to apologise ; but, the truth is, that I am waiting for my lord and master.
( archaic ) The owner of a house , piece of land , or other possession
1480 , Waterford Archives in the 10th Report of the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts (1885), App. v. 316
All suche lordes as have gutters betuxte thar houses.
ante 1637 , Ben Jonson , Sad Shepherd , ii. i. 36
A mightie Lord of Swine!
1697 , Virgil , “The Twelfth Book of the Æneis ”, in John Dryden , transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. , London: Jacob Tonson , , →OCLC :Turnus [ …] Wrench'd from his feeble hold the shining Sword; And plung'd it in the Bosom of its Lord .
1874 , J. H. Collins, “Principles of Metal Mining”, in Gloss , published 1875 , 139/2 :Lord , the owner of the land in which a mine is situated is called the ‘lord ’.
One possessing similar mastery over others ; ( historical ) any feudal superior generally ; any nobleman or aristocrat ; any chief , prince , or sovereign ruler ; in Scotland, a male member of the lowest rank of nobility (the equivalent rank in England is baron )
c. 893 , Orosius's History , i. i. §13
Ohthere sæde his hlaforde , Ælfrede cyninge, þæt...
1530 , John Palsgrave, Lesclarcissement , 680/1 :
( historical ) A feudal tenant holding his manor directly of the king
A peer of the realm , particularly a temporal one
ante 1420 , T. Hoccleve, De Regimine Principum , 442
Men myghten lordis knowe
By there arraye , from oþir folke .
1453 , Rolls of Parliament, V. 266/2
If such persone bee of the estate of a Lord , as Duc , Marques , Erle , Viscount or Baron .
1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare , “The life and death of King Richard the Second ”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio ), London: Isaac Iaggard , and Ed Blount , published 1623 , →OCLC , , line 18 :
1614 , J. Selden, Titles of Honor , section 59:Our English name Lord , whereby we and the Scots stile all such as are of the Greater Nobilitie i. Barons, as also Bishops.
1900 July 21 , Daily Express :The Englishman of to-day still dearly loves a lord .
( obsolete , uncommon ) A baron or lesser nobleman , as opposed to greater ones
1526 , W. Bonde, Pylgrimage of Perfection , i. sig. Bviiiv
Farre excellyng the state of lordes , erles , dukes or kynges .
1826 , Benjamin Disraeli , Vivian Grey , II. iii. iii. 26:The Marquess played off the two Lords and the Baronet against his former friend.
One possessing similar mastery in figurative senses (esp. as lord of ~)
ante 1300 , Cursor Mundi , 782
O wityng bath god and ill Ȝee suld be lauerds at ȝour will.
1398 , Bartholomew de Glanville, translated by John Trevisa, De Proprietatibus Rerum , published 1495 , viii. xvi. 322:
1697 , Virgil , “The Third Book of the Georgics ”, in John Dryden , transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. , London: Jacob Tonson , , →OCLC :Love is Lord of all.
1992 November 18, Larry David , Seinfeld , 4.11: "The Contest ":
But are you still master of your domain?
I am king of the county. You?
Lord of the manor.
A magnate of a trade or profession .
The Tobacco Lords were a group of Scottish merchants and slave traders who in the 18th century made enormous fortunes by trading in tobacco.
1823 , W. Cobbett, Rural Rides , published 1885 , I. 399 :Oh, Oh! The cotton Lords are tearing!
( astrology ) The heavenly body considered to possess a dominant influence over an event , time , etc.
( British , slang , obsolete ) A hunchback .
1699 , B.E., A new dictionary of the terms ancient and modern of the canting crew :
Lord , a very crooked, deformed... Person.
( British , Australia , via Cockney rhyming slang , obsolete ) Sixpence .
1933 November 16, Times Literary Supplement , 782/1 :
Synonyms
Derived terms
Descendants
Translations
master of a household
Afrikaans: heer (af)
Albanian: zot (sq) , zonjë (sq)
Arabic: رَبّ m ( rabb )
Basque: jaun
Belarusian: гаспада́р (be) m ( haspadár ) , валада́р m ( valadár )
Bulgarian: стопанин (bg) m ( stopanin ) , господар (bg) m ( gospodar )
Catalan: castellà (ca)
Chinese:
Mandarin: 領主 / 领主 (zh) ( lǐngzhǔ ) , 领主 (zh) ( lǐngzhǔ )
Danish: herre (da) c , husbond c , husherre c
Dutch: heer (nl) m , landheer (nl) m
Finnish: isäntä (fi) , herra (fi)
French: châtelain (fr)
Galician: casteleiro (gl) m , castelao m , dono (gl) m , señor (gl) m , coime m , patrón (gl) m
Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰 m ( frauja )
Greek: κύριος (el) m ( kýrios ) , πυργοδεσπότης (el) m ( pyrgodespótis )
Ancient: δεσπότης m ( despótēs ) , κύριος m ( kúrios ) , ἄναξ m ( ánax )
Hindi: मालिक (hi) m ( mālik ) , साहिब (hi) m ( sāhib ) , साहब (hi) m ( sāhab )
Hungarian: úr (hu)
Icelandic: herra (is) m , húsbóndi (is) m
Ido: kastelestro (io)
Indonesian: tuan (id)
Irish: tiarna (ga) m
Italian: castellano
Khmer: ម្ចាស់ (km) ( mchah ) , ប្ដី (km) ( bdey )
Latin: dominus (la) m
Macedonian: сто́пан m ( stópan ) , го́сподар m ( góspodar )
Manchu: ᡝᠵᡝᠨ ( ejen )
Old English: hlāford m
Persian: کدخدا (fa) ( kadxodâ ) , کدیور (fa) ( kadivar )
Polish: gospodarz (pl) m
Portuguese: castelão (pt)
Russian: хозя́ин (ru) m ( xozjáin )
Scottish Gaelic: tighearna (gd) m
Spanish: castellano (es)
Swedish: herre (sv) c
Tagalog: poon
Turkish: efendi (tr) , reis (tr) , baş (tr) , erk (tr) , bey (tr)
Ukrainian: госпо́дар (uk) m ( hospódar ) , воло́дар (uk) m ( volódar ) , хазя́їн m ( xazjájin )
Vandalic: froia m
Vietnamese: chúa (vi) , lãnh chúa (vi)
White Hmong: tswv
Yakut: тойон ( toyon )
Zazaki: lord , ser (diq) , serek (diq) , ape m
property owner
Albanian: lekë (sq) , zot (sq) , zonjë (sq)
Aramaic:
Classical Syriac: ܡܪܐ m ( mārā )
Jewish Aramaic: מָרָא m ( mārā )
Armenian: տեր (hy) ( ter )
Breton: aotroù m
Bulgarian: собственик (bg) m ( sobstvenik )
Catalan: senyor (ca)
Danish: herre (da) c , godsejer c
Finnish: omistaja (fi) , maanomistaja (fi) , kartanonherra (fi) , isäntä (fi)
Galician: señor (gl) m , dono (gl) m , amo (gl) m
German: Gebieter (de) m
Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰 m ( frauja )
Greek: κύριος (el) m ( kýrios ) , αφέντης (el) m ( aféntis )
Ancient: κύριος m ( kúrios ) , δεσπότης m ( despótēs ) , ἄναξ m ( ánax )
Hindi: लार्ड (hi) m ( lārḍ )
Icelandic: herra (is) m
Indonesian: tuan (id)
Italian: signore (it) m
Khmer: ម្ចាស់ (km) ( mchah ) , លោកព្រឹទ្ធាចារ្យ ( louk prɨttʰiechaa )
Latin: dominus (la) m
Macedonian: го́сподар m ( góspodar )
Old English: hlāford m
Old French: seignor
Persian: ارباب (fa) ( arbâb )
Polish: właściciel (pl) m
Portuguese: senhor (pt) m
Russian: господи́н (ru) m ( gospodín ) , власти́тель (ru) m ( vlastítelʹ ) , владе́лец (ru) m ( vladélec )
Scots: laird
Scottish Gaelic: tighearna (gd) m , triath m
Spanish: señor (es) m
Turkish: efendi (tr) , sahip (tr) , iye (tr) , ağa (tr)
White Hmong: tswv
Zazaki: wahêr (diq) c , wêr c
ruler, one having mastery over others
Afrikaans: owerste
Albanian: lekë (sq) , zot (sq) , zonjë (sq)
Arabic: رَبّ m ( rabb )
Azerbaijani: bəy (az)
Breton: aotrou (br)
Bulgarian: властелин (bg) m ( vlastelin ) , господар (bg) ( gospodar )
Catalan: senyor (ca) m
Chinese:
Mandarin: 領主 / 领主 (zh) ( lǐngzhǔ ) , 君主 (zh) ( jūnzhǔ ) , 統治者 / 统治者 (zh) ( tǒngzhìzhě )
Czech: pán (cs) m
Danish: herre (da) c , hersker (da) c
Dutch: overste (nl) m or f , heer (nl) m
Egyptian: (nb )
Finnish: johtaja (fi) , hallitsija (fi) , valtias (fi)
Galician: señor (gl) m
Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰 m ( frauja )
Greek: άρχοντας (el) m ( árchontas ) , αφέντης (el) m ( aféntis ) , δεσπότης (el) m ( despótis )
Ancient: ἄναξ m ( ánax ) , δεσπότης m ( despótēs ) , κοίρανος m ( koíranos ) , μεδέων m ( medéōn ) , πρύτανις ( prútanis ) , κύριος m ( kúrios )
Hindi: लार्ड (hi) m ( lārḍ ) , सरवर (hi) m ( sarvar ) , प्रभु (hi) m ( prabhu ) , खुदा (hi) m ( khudā )
Hungarian: úr (hu)
Indonesian: prabu (id)
Italian: signore (it) m
Japanese: 卿 (ja) ( kyō )
Kazakh: әмірші (kk) ( ämırşı )
Khmer: លោកនាយ ( louk niey ) , ចៅហ្វាយ (km) ( chav faa yɔɔ )
Macedonian: господар m ( gospodar ) , властелин m ( vlastelin ) , велможа m ( velmoža )
Middle English: senyour , lord
Middle Persian: 𐭡𐭢𐭩 ( bagî )
Nahuatl: tecutli
Old French: seignor
Persian: سرور (fa) ( sarvar ) , خدیو (fa) ( xadiv )
Polish: pan (pl) m
Portuguese: senhor (pt) m
Quechua: qhapaq
Russian: властели́н (ru) m ( vlastelín ) , повели́тель (ru) m ( povelítelʹ ) , влады́ка (ru) m ( vladýka )
Sanskrit: प्रभु (sa) m ( prabhu )
Swedish: herre (sv) c
Ternate: جوو ( joou )
Turkish: efendi (tr) , bey (tr) , hakan (tr) , kağan (tr) , ağa (tr)
Vandalic: froia m
White Hmong: tswv
Zazaki: beg m , ağa m
aristocrat
Afrikaans: heer (af)
Albanian: lekë (sq) , zot (sq) , zonjë (sq)
Aramaic:
Classical Syriac: ܡܪܐ m ( mārā ) , ܪܘܪܒܐ pl ( rawrəḇē )
Jewish Aramaic: מָרָא m ( mārā )
Belarusian: пан m ( pan ) , лорд m ( lord ) , вяльмо́жа m ( vjalʹmóža )
Bulgarian: лорд m ( lord )
Chinese:
Mandarin: 貴族 / 贵族 (zh) ( guìzú )
Czech: pán (cs) m , aristokrat m
Danish: lensherre c , hersker (da) c , lord (da)
Dutch: landheer (nl) m
Finnish: aristokraatti (fi) , ylhäisyys (fi) , lordi (fi)
French: seigneur (fr) m , monsieur (fr) m
German: Herr (de) m
Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰 m ( frauja )
Greek: δεσπότης (el) m ( despótis ) , λόρδος (el) m ( lórdos ) , άρχοντας (el) m ( árchontas ) , ευγενής (el) m ( evgenís )
Ancient: ἄναξ m ( ánax ) , πρύτανις ( prútanis )
Hindi: लार्ड (hi) m ( lārḍ ) , खुदावंद (hi) m ( khudāvand )
Icelandic: lávarður (is) m
Indonesian: prabu (id)
Irish: tiarna (ga) m
Italian: signore (it) m
Latin: dominus (la) m
Macedonian: го́сподар m ( góspodar ) , лорд m ( lord ) , вла́стелин m ( vlástelin ) , ве́лможа m ( vélmoža )
Maori: rōre
Middle English: senyour , lord
Middle Korean: 어비〮ᄆᆞᆮ ( èpímòt )
Nahuatl: tecutli
Occitan: senhor (oc) m , lòrd
Old French: seignor
Persian: خداوندگار (fa) ( xodâvandgâr )
Polish: lord (pl) m
Portuguese: senhor (pt) m , lorde (pt) m
Russian: лорд (ru) m ( lord ) , вельмо́жа (ru) m ( velʹmóža )
Scottish Gaelic: tighearna (gd) m
Sorbian:
Lower Sorbian: kněz m
Turkish: beyefendi (tr) , toyun
Ukrainian: лорд m ( lord ) , вельмо́жа m ( velʹmóža )
Welsh: arglwydd (cy) m
Yiddish: לאָרד m ( lord ) , אָדון m ( odn ) , שׂררה m ( srore )
Zazaki: herogırse
titled nobleman
Afrikaans: heer (af)
Albanian: lekë (sq)
Belarusian: пан m ( pan )
Bulgarian: лорд m ( lord )
Dutch: heer (nl) m
Finnish: aatelinen (fi) , aatelismies (fi)
Greek: λόρδος (el) m ( lórdos ) , ευγενής (el) m ( evgenís )
Ancient: δεσπότης m ( despótēs )
Hindi: लार्ड (hi) m ( lārḍ )
Hungarian: lord (hu)
Indonesian: prabu (id)
Italian: nobile (it) m or f , nobiluomo (it) m , nobildonna (it) f
Kazakh: әмірші (kk) ( ämırşı )
Khmer: លោកម្ចាស់ ( looka’ mchah ) , ចៅ (km) ( chav )
Macedonian: лорд m ( lord ) , го́сподар m ( góspodar ) , ве́лможа m ( vélmoža )
Nahuatl: tecutli
Persian: لرد (fa) ( lord )
Polish: lord (pl) m
Portuguese: senhor (pt) m , lorde (pt) m
Russian: лорд (ru) m ( lord ) , вельмо́жа (ru) m ( velʹmóža )
Turkish: beyefendi (tr) , toyun
Translations to be checked
See also
Verb
lord (third-person singular simple present lords , present participle lording , simple past and past participle lorded )
( intransitive and transitive ) Domineer or act like a lord.
1579 , Immeritô [pseudonym; Edmund Spenser ], “December. Aegloga Duodecima.”, in The Shepheardes Calender: , London: Hugh Singleton, , →OCLC ; republished as The Shepheardes Calender , London: Iohn Wolfe for Iohn Harrison the yonger, , 1586 , →OCLC :The grisly toadstool grown there might I see, / And loathed paddocks lording on the same.
( transitive ) To invest with the dignity , power , and privileges of a lord; to grant the title of lord.
c. 1610–1611 , William Shakespeare , The Tempest , act 1, scene 2:He being thus lorded / Not only with what my revenue yielded, / But what my power might else exact, [ …] / he did believe / He was indeed the Duke
Synonyms
Derived terms
Translations
References
^ Oxford English Dictionary , 1st ed. "lord, n. ". Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1903.
Faroese
Pronunciation
Noun
lord
indefinite accusative singular of lordur
Hungarian
Etymology
Borrowed from English lord .
Pronunciation
Noun
lord (plural lordok )
an English peer of the realm or nobleman
Declension
References
Further reading
lord in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh . A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz. ). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Italian
Etymology
Borrowed from English lord .
Pronunciation
Noun
lord m (invariable )
lord ( British aristocrat )
gentleman
References
Middle English
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old English hlāford , hlāfweard , in turn from hlāf ( “ bread, loaf ” ) + weard ( “ ward , guardian , keeper ” ) .
Pronunciation
Noun
lord (plural lordes )
lord ( important man )
c. 1335-1361 , William of Palerne (MS. King's College 13), folio 71, recto, lines 4538-4539 ; republished as W. W. Skeat , editor, The Romance of William of Palerne , London : Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co. , 1867 , →OCLC , page 145 :[ …] to fare out as faſt · wiþ his fader to ſpeke / ⁊ with lordesse of þat lond · þat him had long miſſed to comfortably leave to speak with his father and lords from that realm who'd missed him for a long while.
Lord ( title of God )
Derived terms
Descendants
References
Proper noun
lord
( Christianity ) Lord : Jesus Christ , God the Son
c. 1400 , Lay Folks Mass , Bk. App. iii. 125:
Interjection
lord
( originally an invocation ) Lord : an interjection variously expressing astonishment, surprise, resignation
See also
Polish
Etymology
Borrowed from English lord , from Middle English lord and lorde , from lourde , from lowerd , louerd , loverd , laford , lhoaverd , from Old English hlāford , from hlāfweard .
Pronunciation
IPA (key ) : /lɔrt/
Rhymes: -ɔrt
Syllabification: lord
Noun
lord m pers
Lord ( aristocratic title for a man )
lord ( aristocrat )
lord ( titled nobleman )
Declension
Related terms
Further reading
lord in Wielki słownik języka polskiego , Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
lord in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Romanian
Etymology
Borrowed from English lord or French lord .
Noun
lord m (plural lorzi )
lord
Declension
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
Borrowed from English lord .
Pronunciation
Noun
lȍrd m (Cyrillic spelling ло̏рд )
lord ( British title )
Declension
References
“lord ” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Spanish
Etymology
Borrowed from English lord .
Pronunciation
Noun
lord m (plural lores )
lord ( British title )
Related terms
Further reading
Turkish
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Ottoman Turkish لورد ( lord ) , from English lord , from Middle English lord , lorde , from Old English hlāford , hlāfweard , a compound of hlāf ( “ bread ” ) + weard ( “ guardian ” )
Pronunciation
Noun
lord (definite accusative lordu , plural lordlar )
lord
Hypernym: asilzade
( slang ) filthy rich
( rhetoric ) big daddy
Declension
Related terms