los

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "los"

English

Lynx lynx

Etymology 1

From Middle English lusk, from Old English lox, from Proto-West Germanic *luhs, from Proto-Germanic *luhsaz. Cognate with Scots los, Saterland Frisian Luks, Low German Luks, Dutch los, German Luchs, Luxembourgish Luuss.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

los (plural loses)

  1. (obsolete) A medium-sized wildcat, most of them part of the genus Lynx.
    Synonym: lynx
    The los had been brought from a northern part of the United States.
    • 1592, Thomas Thomasius, Thomae Thomasii Dictionarium tertio ... emendatum ... et longe auctius ... redditum.:
      A beaſt like unto a wolfe having many ſpottes, and being exceeding quicke of ſight: a wolfe like an hart, a Los or Lynx.

Etymology 2

From Middle English los, from Old English los, from Proto-Germanic *lusą, from Proto-Indo-European *lews-.

Noun

los (plural loses)

  1. Obsolete form of loss.

Anagrams

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch lossen.

Verb

los (present los, present participle losende, past participle gelos)

  1. to leave, abandon

Aragonese

Etymology

From Latin illos (“those ones”).

Pronoun

los

  1. them (masculine direct object)

Synonyms

Asturian

Etymology

From Latin illōs, from ille.

Article

los m pl (masculine sg el, feminine sg la, neuter sg lo, feminine plural les)

  1. (definite) the

Catalan

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin illōs; cf. els.

Pronoun

los (enclitic, contracted 'ls, proclitic els)

  1. them (masculine, direct or indirect object)
    perdoneu-los ― forgive them
    doneu-los una moneda ― give them a coin
  2. them (feminine, indirect object only)
    digueu-los la veritat ― tell them the truth
Usage notes
  • -los is the full (plena) form of the pronoun. It is normally used after verbs ending with a consonant or ⟨u⟩.
Declension
Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
strong/subject weak (direct object) weak (indirect object) possessive
singular proclitic enclitic proclitic enclitic
1st person jo, mi3 em, m’ -me, ’m em, m’ -me, ’m meu
1st person majestic1 nós ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
2nd person tu et, t’ -te, ’t et, t’ -te, ’t teu
2nd person formal1 vós us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
2nd person very formal2 vostè el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
3rd person masculine ell el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
3rd person feminine ella la, l’4 -la li -li seu
3rd person neuter ho -ho li -li seu
3rd person reflexive si es, s’ -se, ’s es, s’ -se, ’s seu
plural
1st person nosaltres ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
2nd person vosaltres us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
2nd person formal2 vostès els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person masculine ells els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person feminine elles les -les els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person reflexive si es, s’ -se, ’s es, s’ -se, ’s seu
adverbial
ablative/genitive en, n’ -ne, ’n
locative hi -hi
1) Behaves grammatically as plural.
2) Behaves grammatically as third person. 		3) Only as object of a preposition.
4) Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin illōs, from ille.

Article

los m pl

  1. masculine plural of lo

Czech

Czech Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia cs

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ȏlsь, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁el-. Cognate with English elk, German Elch.

Noun

los m anim

  1. elk (British), moose (U.S.)
Declension
Declension of los (hard masculine animate)
singular plural
nominative los losi, losové
genitive losa losů
dative losovi, losu losům
accusative losa losy
vocative lose losi, losové
locative losovi, losu losech
instrumental losem losy

Etymology 2

Borrowed from German Los, from Middle High German lōz, from Old High German hlōz, from Proto-West Germanic *hlaut, from Proto-Germanic *hlautaz, ablaut variant of *hlutą.

Noun

los m inan

  1. lottery ticket
Declension
Declension of los (hard masculine inanimate)
singular plural
nominative los losy
genitive losu losů
dative losu losům
accusative los losy
vocative lose losy
locative lose, losu losech
instrumental losem losy

References

  1. ^ "los¹" in Jiří Rejzek, Český etymologický slovník, electronic version, Leda, 2007
  2. ^ Machek, Václav (1968) “los 1°”, in Etymologický slovník jazyka českého [Etymological Dictionary of the Czech Language], 2nd edition, Prague: Academia
  3. ^ "los²" in Jiří Rejzek, Český etymologický slovník, electronic version, Leda, 2007
  4. ^ Machek, Václav (1968) “los 2°”, in Etymologický slovník jazyka českého [Etymological Dictionary of the Czech Language], 2nd edition, Prague: Academia

Further reading

  • los in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • los in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

Danish

Danish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia da

Etymology 1

From Old Norse lauss.

Adjective

los

  1. loose

Etymology 2

From Middle Low German los.

Noun

los c (singular definite lossen, plural indefinite losser)

  1. lynx
Inflection
Declension of los
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative los lossen losser losserne
genitive los' lossens lossers lossernes

Etymology 3

Derived from verb losse, itself from Middle Low German lossen.

Noun

los n (singular definite losset, plural indefinite los)

  1. kick
Inflection
Declension of los
neuter
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative los losset los lossene
genitive los' lossets los' lossenes

Dutch

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch los, from Old Dutch *los, from Proto-West Germanic *lus (a-stem), from Proto-Germanic *lusaz. Cognate with Ripuarian Central Franconian loss, Luxembourgish lass, lues. Related with Dutch loos, the cognate of German los, lose, English loose.

Adjective

los (comparative losser, superlative meest los or lost)

  1. loose
    De losse kleding zat comfortabel.
    The loose clothing was comfortable.
    Zorg ervoor dat de schroeven goed vastzitten en niet los zijn.
    Make sure the screws are tightly fastened and not loose.
    Het kind hield de ballon stevig vast zodat hij niet los zou vliegen.
    The child held the balloon tightly so that it wouldn't fly loose.
  2. separate, individual
    Dit product is niet bestemd voor losse verkoop.
    This product is not intended to be sold individually.
Inflection
Inflection of los
uninflected los
inflected losse
comparative losser
positive comparative superlative
predicative/adverbial los losser het lost
het loste
indefinite m./f. sing. losse lossere loste
n. sing. los losser loste
plural losse lossere loste
definite losse lossere loste
partitive los lossers —
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Berbice Creole Dutch: losi
  • → Papiamentu: lòs, los

Verb

los

  1. inflection of lossen:
    1. first-person singular present indicative
    2. imperative

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch los, from Old Dutch *los, from Proto-Germanic *luhsuz, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“light, to shine”) or from a substrate language.

Cognate with Old Saxon lohs, Old High German luhs, Old English lox, from a similar Germanic form also Swedish lodjur. Cognates outside Germanic include Ancient Greek λύγξ (lúnx), Lithuanian lūšis, Old Church Slavonic рꙑсь (rysĭ), Old Irish lug, Old Armenian լուսանունք (lusanunkʻ).

Noun

los m (plural lossen, diminutive losje n)

  1. (dated) lynx (specifically the Eurasian lynx, Lynx lynx)
    Synonym: lynx
Alternative forms
Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Philippa, Marlies, Debrabandere, Frans, Quak, Arend, Schoonheim, Tanneke, van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) “lynx”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands‎ (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press

Anagrams

Dutch Low Saxon

Etymology

From Middle Low German and Old Saxon lōs, from Proto-West Germanic *laus, cognate with Dutch los and English loose.

Pronunciation

Adjective

los

  1. open

French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French los, from Latin laus, probably via the nominative singular form.

Pronunciation

Noun

los m (plural los)

  1. (obsolete) praise; acclaim
    Synonym: (modern) louange

Related terms

References

  1. ^ Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “laus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 5: J L, page 211

German

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /loːs/ (standard)
  • IPA(key): /lɔs/ (regionally; chiefly as interjection or when meaning “going on”)

Etymology 1

From Middle High German and Old High German lōs. Compare English loose.

Adjective

los (strong nominative masculine singular loser, comparative loser, superlative am losesten)

  1. (colloquial or dated) Alternative form of lose (“loose”)

Adverb

los (only used in combination with a verb)

  1. rid of, free of
    Ich bin meine Erkältung los. ― I've gotten rid of my cold.
  2. off, out, used to indicate leaving motion.
    Morgen fahren wir los. ― Tomorrow we head out.
    Ich muss los. ― I have to go.
  3. going on
    Hier ist einiges los. ― There's a lot going on here.
    Was ist los? ― What's going on? / What's up? / What's wrong?
  4. (colloquial, regional, Westphalia, Lower Saxony) open
    Die Tür stand los. ― The door stood open.

Interjection

los

  1. come on!, let's go!
    Los! An die Arbeit! ― Come on! Let's get to work!
  2. (motor racing) Go!
Derived terms
Related terms

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

los

  1. singular imperative of losen

Indonesian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Shortening from losmen (“hostel”).

Noun

los (first-person possessive losku, second-person possessive losmu, third-person possessive losnya)

  1. hostel
  2. longhouse

Etymology 2

From Dutch loods (“pilot”).

Noun

los (first-person possessive losku, second-person possessive losmu, third-person possessive losnya)

  1. (navigation) pilot boat

Etymology 3

From Dutch los (“loose”).

Adjective

los

  1. (colloquial) loose, free
    Synonyms: lepas, bebas

Further reading

Interlingua

Pronoun

los

  1. (accusative, dative) them, those

Ladino

Etymology

From Latin illōs, from ille.

Article

los (singular el, feminine las)

  1. the (masculine plural)

Masurian

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish los.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key):
  • Syllabification: los

Noun

los m inan

  1. fate (presumed cause, force, principle, or divine will that predetermines events)
  2. fate (effect, consequence, outcome, or inevitable events predetermined by this cause)
  3. lottery ticket

Further reading

  • Zofia Stamirowska (1987-2021) “los”, in Anna Basara, editor, Słownik gwar Ostródzkiego, Warmii i Mazur‎, volume 4, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich Wydawnictwo Polskiej Akademii Nauk, →ISBN, page 52

Mauritian Creole

Etymology

From French loche (dialectal).

Noun

los

  1. slug

References

  • Baker, Philip & Hookoomsing, Vinesh Y. (1987). Dictionnaire de créole mauricien. Morisyen – English – Français

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch *los, from Proto-West Germanic *laus (“loose, free”).

Adjective

los

  1. loose, free
  2. free, not encumbered
  3. having lost, robbed

Inflection

Adjective
Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
Nominative Indefinite los losse los losse
Definite losse losse
Accusative Indefinite lossen losse los losse
Definite losse
Genitive loss losser loss losser
Dative lossen losser lossen lossen

Descendants

Further reading

Middle English

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old English los.

Pronunciation

Noun

los (uncountable)

  1. loss

Descendants

References

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

Borrowing from Low German lots (short form of lotsman); compare with German Lotse.

Noun

los m (definite singular losen, indefinite plural loser, definite plural losene)

  1. (nautical) a pilot (person who guides ships in and out of a harbour)

References

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Noun

los m (definite singular losen, indefinite plural losar, definite plural losane)

  1. Alternative spelling of lós

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

los n (definite singular loset, indefinite plural los, definite plural losa)

  1. Alternative spelling of lòs

Occitan

Etymology

From Latin illōs, from ille.

Pronunciation

Article

los (singular lo, feminine la, feminine plural las)

  1. the; masculine plural definite article

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *lusą (“loss”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewHs- (“to cut loose; sever; lose”). Cognate with Old Norse los (“looseness; breaking up”).

Pronunciation

Noun

los n (nominative plural los)

  1. loss
  2. destruction

Declension

Declension of los (strong a-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative los los
accusative los los
genitive loses losa
dative lose losum

Derived terms

Descendants

Old French

Etymology

See the verb loer (“to laud”).

Noun

los oblique singular, m (oblique plural los, nominative singular los, nominative plural los)

  1. glory; positive reputation

Descendants

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *laus, see also Old English lēas, Old Norse lauss.

Adjective

lōs

  1. loose

Old Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from Old High German hlōz. First attested in the 14th century.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /lʲɔs/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /lʲɔs/

Noun

los m inan (related adjective losowy)

  1. lot (thing used for determining chances)
    • 1930 [Fifteenth century], “Num”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)‎, 33, 54:
      Wyøczsim daycze szirsze a mnyeysim wøssze, wszitkim iakos los przipadnye (ut sors ceciderit)
      [Więcszym dajcie szyrsze a mniejszym węższe. Wszytkim jakoż los przypadnie (ut sors ceciderit)]
    • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Latin-Polish-German Florian Psalter]‎, Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 21, 19:
      Rozdzelili sobe odzene moie y na odzew moy pusczili loos (super vestem meam miserunt sortem)
      [Rozdzielili sobie odzienie moje i na odziew moj puścili los (super vestem meam miserunt sortem)]
  2. drawing lots (act of determining using lots)
    • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Latin-Polish-German Florian Psalter]‎, Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 77, 60:
      Y wirzuczil od oblicza gich pogani, y losem rozdzelil gim zemø (sorte divisit eis terram)
      [Y wyrzucił od oblicza jich pogany, i losem rozdzielił jim ziemię (sorte divisit eis terram)]

Descendants

References

Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish los. Doublet of lotto.

Pronunciation

Noun

los m inan (related adjective losowy)

  1. (uncountable) fate (presumed cause, force, principle, or divine will that predetermines events)
  2. (countable) fate (effect, consequence, outcome, or inevitable events predetermined by this cause)
    Synonym: dola
  3. (countable) fate (event or a situation which is inevitable in the fullness of time; destiny)
    Synonym: przeznaczenie
  4. (countable) lot (slip of paper, or less often a die or ball, used in determining a question by chance, or without human choice or will)
    1. lottery ticket
    2. (Middle Polish) gambling
      Synonym: hazard
    3. (Middle Polish, figuratively) trick, ploy, ruse (action intended to deceive or swindle)
      Synonym: sztuczka
  5. (Middle Polish) cut, inheritance, property received by lot
  6. (Middle Polish) person of dialogue

Declension

Declension of los
singular plural
nominative los losy
genitive losu losów
dative losowi losom
accusative los losy
instrumental losem losami
locative losie losach
vocative losie losy

Derived terms

adjectives
adverbs
nouns
proverbs
verbs
verbs

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), los is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 11 times in scientific texts, 7 times in news, 16 times in essays, 22 times in fiction, and 15 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 71 times, making it the 907th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

References

  1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “los”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎ (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 222

Further reading

  • los in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • los in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “los”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “los”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎
  • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “los”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861‎
  • J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “los”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎ (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 764

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

Pronoun

los

  1. Alternative form of os (third-person masculine plural objective pronoun) used as an enclitic and mesoclitic following a verb form ending in a consonant (-z, -r and -s, but not -m); the consonant is elided and the preceding vowel takes an accent if necessary

Scots

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle English losse, from Old English lox, from Proto-West Germanic *luhs, from Proto-Germanic *luhsaz. Cognate with English los, Saterland Frisian Luks, Low German Luks, Dutch los, German Luchs, Luxembourgish Luuss.

Pronunciation

  • (North Northern) IPA(key): /los/

Noun

los (plural loses)

  1. (obsolete, Middle Scots) lynx

References

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology 1

From Old Irish los, from Proto-Celtic *lustā, from the Proto-Indo-European root *lew- (“to divide, to split”). Cognate with Welsh llost.

Noun

los m (genitive singular lois)

  1. purpose, intention
  2. control
  3. (obsolete) tail, end
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Shortening of a los.

Conjunction

los

  1. in order to

Serbo-Croatian

Serbo-Croatian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sh
Američki los se odmori u kišnom polju.

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ȏlsь.

Pronunciation

Noun

lȍs m (Cyrillic spelling ло̏с)

  1. moose
  2. elk

Declension

Declension of los
singular plural
nominative lȍs lȍsovi
genitive losa lòsōvā
dative losu losovima
accusative losa losove
vocative lose losovi
locative losu losovima
instrumental losom losovima

Further reading

  • “los” in Hrvatski jezični portal

Silesian

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish los.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈlɔs/
  • Rhymes: -ɔs
  • Syllabification: los

Noun

los m inan

  1. fate (presumed cause, force, principle, or divine will that predetermines events)
  2. lot (slip of paper used in determining a question by chance, or without human choice or will)

Declension

Declension of los
singular plural
nominative los losy
genitive losu losōw
dative losowi losōm
accusative los losy
instrumental losym losami/losōma
locative losie losach
vocative losie losy

Further reading

  • los in silling.org
  • Henryk Jaroszewicz (2022) “los”, in Zasady pisowni języka śląskiego (in Polish), Siedlce: Wydawnictwo Naukowe IKRBL, page 93

Slovene

Slovene Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sl

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *olsь.

Pronunciation

Noun

lọ̑s m anim

  1. elk, moose

Inflection

 The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
Masculine anim., hard o-stem
nom. sing. lós
gen. sing. lósa
singular dual plural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik) 		lós lósa lósi
genitive
(rodȋlnik) 		lósa lósov lósov
dative
(dajȃlnik) 		lósu lósoma lósom
accusative
(tožȋlnik) 		lósa lósa lóse
locative
(mẹ̑stnik) 		lósu lósih lósih
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik) 		lósom lósoma lósi

Further reading

  • “los”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Spanish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /los/
  • Audio (Colombia):(file)
  • Rhymes: -os
  • Syllabification: los

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin illōs accusative plural masculine of ille.

Article

los m pl

  1. the
    ¿Qué hacen los muchachos?
    What do the boys do?
Related terms

Etymology 2

Pronoun

los

  1. accusative of ellos and ustedes (when referring to more than one man); them, you all (formal or (Latin America) informal)
  2. plural masculine or neuter pronoun
    los que no hablan
    those who do not speak

See also

Spanish personal pronouns
nominative dative accusative disjunctive
first person singular yo me mí1
plural masculine2 nosotros nos nosotros
feminine nosotras nosotras
second person singular tuteo tú te ti1
voseo vos vos
formal3 usted le, se4 lo/la5 usted
plural familiar6 masculine2 vosotros os vosotros
feminine vosotras vosotras
formal/general3 ustedes les, se4 los/las5 ustedes
third person singular masculine2 él le, se4 lo él
feminine ella la ella
neuter ello7 lo ello
plural masculine2 ellos les, se4 los ellos
feminine ellas las ellas
reflexive — se sí1
  1. Not used with con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively
  2. Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
  3. Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
  4. If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., Se lo dije instead of Le lo dije)
  5. Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
  6. Used primarily in Spain
  7. Used only in rare circumstances

Anagrams

Swedish

Noun

los

  1. indefinite genitive singular of lo

Anagrams

White Hmong

Etymology

From Proto-Hmong-Mien *ləwX (“to come back”).

Pronunciation

Verb

los

  1. to come, return (to one's home or to a place where one resides)
    Synonym: tuaj

Derived terms

  • los nag (“to rain”, literally “come rain”)

References

  • Heimbach, Ernest E. (1979) White Hmong — English Dictionary‎, SEAP Publications, →ISBN.
  1. ^ Ratliff, Martha (2010) Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN, page 276.

Zazaki

Etymology

Compare Armenian լոշ (loš).

Noun

los (genitive singular losi)

  1. lavash
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