lounas
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Finnish
Etymology
Proto-Finnic *louna + -as, from Proto-Finno-Permic *lowna (“day, midday”). Cognates include Karelian lounat (“evening/main meal”), Veps louna, Votic lõunõd (“south, lunch”), Estonian lõuna (“south, lunch”) and Komi-Permyak лун (lun). Permic cognates have the meaning "day", whereas Baltic-Finnic cognates denote the direction where the Sun is at midday or the meal eaten at midday.
The compass point meaning was clarified in the 19th century and inverted compared to Estonian: southwest is lounas in Finnish and edel in Estonian while south is etelä in Finnish and lõuna in Estonian. In earlier text and dialects lounas may mean either south, southwest or southeast. Compare lounatuuli (“southern wind”).
Pronunciation
Noun
lounas
Declension
| Inflection of lounas (Kotus type 41/vieras, no gradation) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | lounas | lounaat | ||
| genitive | lounaan | lounaiden lounaitten | ||
| partitive | lounasta | lounaita | ||
| illative | lounaaseen | lounaisiin | ||
| singular | plural | |||
| nominative | lounas | lounaat | ||
| accusative | nom. | lounas | lounaat | |
| gen. | lounaan | |||
| genitive | lounaan | lounaiden lounaitten lounastenrare | ||
| partitive | lounasta | lounaita | ||
| inessive | lounaassa | lounaissa | ||
| elative | lounaasta | lounaista | ||
| illative | lounaaseen | lounaisiin lounaihinrare | ||
| adessive | lounaalla | lounailla | ||
| ablative | lounaalta | lounailta | ||
| allative | lounaalle | lounaille | ||
| essive | lounaana | lounaina | ||
| translative | lounaaksi | lounaiksi | ||
| abessive | lounaatta | lounaitta | ||
| instructive | — | lounain | ||
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | |||
Antonyms
- (southwest) koillinen
Coordinate terms
- (compass points)
| luode | pohjoinen | koillinen |
| länsi | 
|
itä |
| lounas | etelä | kaakko |
Derived terms
References
- ^ Häkkinen, Kaisa (2004) Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja [Modern Finnish Etymological Dictionary] (in Finnish), Juva: WSOY, →ISBN
Further reading
- “lounas”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03