lugubris

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Latin

Etymology

From the root of lūgeō (“mourn, lament”) via Proto-Italic *lougosris[1] or *leugosris,[2] built on a neuter s-stem noun *lougos/*leugos with change of sr→br (compare muliebris, fūnebris). Sen 2015 identifies the ending as the suffix *-lis, making the original formation *leug-os-lis, with subsequent dissimilation of l...l to l...r.[2] An alternative theory derives it from *lūge-blis, with the same dissimilation.[1]

Pronunciation

Adjective

lūgubris (neuter lūgubre, adverb lūgubrē or lūgubriter); third-declension two-termination adjective

  1. of or pertaining to mourning
  2. that causes mourning, disastrous; pitiable
    • 23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horace, Odes 2.1.33–36:
      Quī gurgēs aut quae flūmina lūgubris
      ignāra bellī? Quod mare Dauniae
      nōn dēcolorāvere caedēs?
      quae caret ōra cruōre nostrō?
      What seas or rivers are unaware
      of the disastrous war? Which sea the Daunian
      slaughters haven't stained?
      Which shore lacks our blood?
  3. mournful, doleful, plaintive
  4. gloomy, sinister, mean

Declension

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masc./Fem. Neuter Masc./Fem. Neuter
Nominative lūgubris lūgubre lūgubrēs lūgubria
Genitive lūgubris lūgubrium
Dative lūgubrī lūgubribus
Accusative lūgubrem lūgubre lūgubrēs
lūgubrīs 		lūgubria
Ablative lūgubrī lūgubribus
Vocative lūgubris lūgubre lūgubrēs lūgubria

Derived terms

Descendants

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “lūgeō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 351
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Ranjan Sen (2015) Syllable and Segment in Latin, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 91

Further reading

  • “lugubris”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “lugubris”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • lugubris in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
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