From Proto-Finnic *lukëdak. Cognates include Finnish lukea and Estonian lugeda.
lukkia
Conjugation of lukkia (type 5/laskia, k- gradation, gemination) | |||||
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Indikativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | luen | en lue | 1st singular | oon lukent, oon lukenut | en oo lukent, en oo lukenut |
2nd singular | luet | et lue | 2nd singular | oot lukent, oot lukenut | et oo lukent, et oo lukenut |
3rd singular | lukkoo | ei lue | 3rd singular | ono lukent, ono lukenut | ei oo lukent, ei oo lukenut |
1st plural | luemma | emmä lue | 1st plural | oomma lukeneet | emmä oo lukeneet |
2nd plural | luetta | että lue | 2nd plural | ootta lukeneet | että oo lukeneet |
3rd plural | lukkoot1), lukevat2), luetaa | evät lue, ei lueta | 3rd plural | ovat lukeneet | evät oo lukeneet, ei oo luettu |
impersonal | luetaa | ei lueta | impersonal | ono luettu | ei oo luettu |
Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | luin | en lukent, en lukenut | 1st singular | olin lukent, olin lukenut | en olt lukent, en olt lukenut |
2nd singular | luit | et lukent, et lukenut | 2nd singular | olit lukent, olit lukenut | et olt lukent, et olt lukenut |
3rd singular | luki | ei lukent, ei lukenut | 3rd singular | oli lukent, oli lukenut | ei olt lukent, ei olt lukenut |
1st plural | luimma | emmä lukeneet | 1st plural | olimma lukeneet | emmä olleet lukeneet |
2nd plural | luitta | että lukeneet | 2nd plural | olitta lukeneet | että olleet lukeneet |
3rd plural | lukkiit1), lukivat2), luettii | evät lukeneet, ei luettu | 3rd plural | olivat lukeneet | evät olleet lukeneet, ei olt luettu |
impersonal | luettii | ei luettu | impersonal | oli luettu | ei olt luettu |
Konditsionala | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | lukisin | en lukis | 1st singular | olisin lukent, olisin lukenut | en olis lukent, en olis lukenut |
2nd singular | lukisit, lukkiist1) | et lukis | 2nd singular | olisit lukent, olisit lukenut | et olis lukent, et olis lukenut |
3rd singular | lukis | ei lukis | 3rd singular | olis lukent, olis lukenut | ei olis lukent, ei olis lukenut |
1st plural | lukisimma | emmä lukis | 1st plural | olisimma lukeneet | emmä olis lukeneet |
2nd plural | lukisitta | että lukis | 2nd plural | olisitta lukeneet | että olis lukeneet |
3rd plural | lukisiit1), lukisivat2), luettais | evät lukis, ei luettais | 3rd plural | olisivat lukeneet | evät olis lukeneet, ei olis luettu |
impersonal | luettais | ei luettais | impersonal | olis luettu | ei olis luettu |
Imperativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
2nd singular | lue | elä lue | 2nd singular | oo lukent, oo lukenut | elä oo lukent, elä oo lukenut |
3rd singular | lukekoo | elköö lukeko | 3rd singular | olkoo lukent, olkoo lukenut | elköö olko lukent, elköö olko lukenut |
1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
2nd plural | lukekaa | elkää lukeko | 2nd plural | olkaa lukeneet | elkää olko lukeneet |
3rd plural | lukekoot | elkööt lukeko, elköö luettako | 3rd plural | olkoot lukeneet | elkööt olko lukeneet, elköö olko luettu |
impersonal | luettakkoo | elköö luettako | impersonal | olkoo luettu | elköö olko luettu |
Potentsiala | |||||
Preesens | |||||
positive | negative | ||||
1st singular | lukenen | en lukene | |||
2nd singular | lukenet | et lukene | |||
3rd singular | lukenoo | ei lukene | |||
1st plural | lukenemma | emmä lukene | |||
2nd plural | lukenetta | että lukene | |||
3rd plural | lukenoot | evät lukene, ei luettane | |||
impersonal | luettannoo | ei luettane | |||
Nominal forms | |||||
Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
active | passive | ||||
1st | lukkia | present | lukeva | luettava | |
2nd | inessive | lukijees | past | lukent, lukenut | luettu |
instructive | lukkien | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (lukekaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
3rd | illative | lukomaa | |||
inessive | lukomaas | ||||
elative | lukomast | ||||
abessive | lukomata | ||||
4th | nominative | lukomiin | |||
partitive | lukomista, lukomist |