. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
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will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
English
Etymology 1
Noun
ma (plural mas )
( astronomy , usually in the plural ) Abbreviation of milli- arcsecond .
Etymology 2
The sound, which parents interpret as a reference to themselves, is very commonly made by infants. For more on the linguistic process whereby infants' monosyllables are tied to ancient word roots for parents, see mama , papa , mātēr , and patēr .
Pronunciation
Noun
ma (plural mas )
( colloquial , and in direct address) mother , mama
Coordinate term: pa
2011 , Philip Reeve , Scrivener's Moon , Scholastic , →ISBN , page 48 :Once the silky gent who ran a barge called the Knuckle Sandwich tried to persuade Borglum's ma and da to sell him their little dwarfish boy for twelve gold coins.
( colloquial ) The landlady of a theater .
1949 , Shaw Desmond, The Edwardian Story , page 322 :[ …] that dear little man writing in the guestbook of the "Ma " or theatrical landlady [ …]
Usage notes
Often capitalized when used to refer to a specific person.
Hey, Ma , I’d like you to meet my friend Jamie.
Synonyms
terms synonymous with "ma"
Translations
References
( landlady of a theater ) : 1984 , Jonathon Green, Newspeak .
See also
Etymology 3
Abbreviation.
Noun
ma
May .
Usage notes
Usually capitalised as Ma .
Etymology 4
From my .
Determiner
ma
( dialectal , informal ) Alternative spelling of my
Etymology 5
From Chinese 嘛 ( ma , “ of course! ” ) .[ 1]
Particle
ma ( Manglish , Singlish )
Alternative form of mah
1998 April 24, viken, “tcs shows”, in sg.rec.tv (Usenet ):Singlish is acceptable in Singapore mah
2015 April 17, Jalelah Abu Baker, “What's the difference between 'lah' and 'lor': Poet Gwee Li Sui's take on nuances of Singlish goes viral”, in The Straits Times :I dun have mah .
2017 April 30, Wong Kim Hoh, “It Changed My Life: Migrant worker goes from painting condos to boss of own company”, in The Straits Times :"I was already 32, so must get married mah ," he says, using the Singlish word often used to express something which is obvious.
References
^ Lee, Jack Tsen-Ta (2004 ) “mah ”, in A Dictionary of Singlish and Singapore English
Anagrams
A&M , A. M. , am , A. & M. , AM , 'am , Am. , Am , a.m. , a. m. , A.M.
Acehnese
Noun
ma
mother
References
Afar
Etymology
From Proto-Afroasiatic *ma, *mi- .
Pronunciation
Determiner
má (bound form maa- )
what ? what kind of ?
Derived terms
References
E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985 ) “ma”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English) , University of London, →ISBN
Afrikaans
Pronunciation
Noun
ma (plural ma's )
mom , mother
Synonyms
Antonyms
Derived terms
Ajië
Conjunction
ma
and
References
Leenhardt, M. (1935 ) Vocabulaire et grammaire de la langue Houaïlou , Paris: Institut d'ethnologie . Cited in: "Houaïlou " in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R. , & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics . Evolutionary Bioinformatics , 4:271–283.
Leenhardt, M. (1946 ) Langues et dialectes de l'Austro-Mèlanèsie . Cited in: "Ajiø " in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R. , & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics . Evolutionary Bioinformatics , 4:271–283.
Akkadian
Etymology
Unknown. Compare Ge'ez -መ ( -mma ) (emphatic enclitic).
Pronunciation
Particle
ma
( enclitic ) and , but
( enclitic ) used to stress single words, especially the predicate of nominal clauses
𒌓𒈠𒈠 [ūmamma ] ― u₄-ma-ma ― this very day
Cuneiform spellings
Phonetic
References
Alemannic German
Etymology
From Middle High German man , from Old High German man , from Proto-Germanic *mann- .
Noun
ma m ( Gressoney , Issime )
man
husband
References
Anaang
Verb
má
to love
Further reading
Cristiane Benjamin Santos, Aspectos morfossintáticos dos pronomes pessoais em Anaan (2007)
Bruce Connell, Lower Cross Wordlist
Anguthimri
Noun
ma
( Mpakwithi ) man
Verb
ma
( transitive , Mpakwithi) to hear
( transitive , Mpakwithi) to listen
References
Terry Crowley, The Mpakwithi dialect of Anguthimri (1981), page 187
'Are'are
Conjunction
ma
and
References
Aromanian
Etymology 1
From Latin magis . Compare Romanian mai .
Adverb
ma
more
Etymology 2
From Italian ma .
Conjunction
ma
but , yet
if
Asturian
Etymology
See madre
Noun
ma f (plural mas )
mother
Synonym: madre
Bambara
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
Noun
ma
sea cow
Etymology 2
Verb
ma ( auxiliary )
( verbal auxiliary ) marks an action which is not accomplished
A ma na fɔlɔ He has not come yet
Sirajɛ ma taa dɔgɔ la Siraje did not go to the market
References
Bavarian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Unstressed form of mia
Pronoun
ma
me ( dative )
we
See also
Bavarian personal pronouns
Etymology 2
From Middle High German man , from Old High German man , from Proto-West Germanic *mann , from Proto-Germanic *mann- ( “ person ” ) . Compare German man and Dutch men .
Pronoun
ma
one , you ( indefinite pronoun; construed as a third-person singular )
Ma waß nia, wås an erwoat. ― You never know what to expect.
they , people ( people in general )
Des sågt ma hoid a so. ― That's just the way people say it.
they ( some unspecified group of people )
Breton
Pronoun
ma
my
Interjection
ma
good !
Conjunction
ma
that
if
Synonyms
Cameroon Pidgin
Determiner
ma
Alternative spelling of my ( “ 1st person singular possessive determiner ” )
Caolan
Pronunciation
This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!
Noun
ma
horse
Catalan
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin *mam , reduced form of Latin meam .
Pronunciation
Determiner
ma
feminine singular of mon
Chamorro
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ma
they
Usage notes
See also
Chamorro personal pronouns
hu-type pronouns
singular
plural inclusive
plural exclusive
1st person
hu
ta
in
2nd person
un
en
3rd person
ha
ma
yoʼ-type pronouns
singular
plural inclusive
plural exclusive
1st person
yoʼ
hit
ham
2nd person
hao
hamyo
3rd person
gueʼ
siha
emphatic pronouns
singular
plural inclusive
plural exclusive
1st person
guahu
hita
hami
2nd person
hagu
hamyo
3rd person
guiya
siha
References
Donald M. Topping (1973 ) Chamorro Reference Grammar , Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Champenois
Etymology
Inherited from Old French mes , Latin magis .
Pronunciation
IPA (key ) : /ma/
Noun
ma
( Troyen, Langrois ) but
References
Daunay, Jean (1998 ) Parlers de Champagne : Pour un classement thématique du vocabulaire des anciens parlers de Champagne (Aube - Marne - Haute-Marne) (in French), Rumilly-lés-Vaudes
Baudoin, Alphonse (1885 ) Glossaire de la forêt de Clairvaux (in French), Troyes
Cimbrian
Etymology 1
From Middle High German māne , from Old High German māno , from Proto-West Germanic *mānō , from Proto-Germanic *mēnô ( “ moon ” ) .
Noun
ma m
( Tredici Comuni ) moon
References
Etymology 2
An unstressed pronunciation of månn ( “ man ” ) .
Pronoun
ma
( Luserna ) one , you ( indefinite pronoun )
References
Coatepec Nahuatl
Noun
ma
hand .
Dama (Sierra Leone)
Etymology
Related to widespread words for "mother" and related respectful terms for women across West Africa.
Noun
ma
mother-in-law
References
Dalby, T. D. P. (1963 ) “The extinct language of Dama”, in Sierra Leone Language Review , volume 2, Freetown: Fourah Bay College, pages 50–54
Dorze
Noun
ma
bee (insect)
Dutch
Pronunciation
Noun
ma f (plural ma's , diminutive maatje n )
( informal ) mother
Synonyms
Descendants
See also
Efik
Verb
má
love , like
Further reading
Estonian
Etymology
Abbreviation of mina , from Proto-Finnic *minä , from Proto-Uralic *minä .
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ma (genitive mu , partitive mind , long form mina )
I ( 1st person singular personal pronoun )
Usage notes
Used unstressed in a sentence; when the pronoun is stressed, mina is used.
Declension
See also
Further reading
“ma ”, in Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
“ma ”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018 , →ISBN
ma in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
Finnish
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Noun
ma
Abbreviation of maanantai ( “ Monday ” ) .
Further reading
Etymology 2
See minä ; developed through contraction. Compare Estonian ma .
Pronoun
ma ( poetic , archaic )
( personal ) I
Declension
Other forms than the nominative generally align with mä .
Synonyms
minä ( standard Finnish; see it for full list )
Franco-Provençal
Determiner
ma
feminine singular of mon
French
Etymology
From Old French ma , from Latin meam .
Pronunciation
Determiner
ma f
feminine singular of mon
Ma mère est venue me voir.My mother came to see me.
French possessive determiners
1 Also used before feminine adjectives and nouns beginning with a vowel or mute h .
2 Also used as the polite singular form.
For the singular persons there are gender-neutral neologisms man , tan , san . These are extremely rare.
Descendants
Further reading
Friulian
Etymology
From Latin magis .
Conjunction
ma
but
German
Pronunciation
Adverb
ma
( colloquial ) Pronunciation spelling of mal .
Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai
Pronoun
ma
2nd-person singular pronoun: you
2nd-person plural pronoun: you
2nd-person singular possessive pronoun: your
2nd-person plural possessive pronoun: your
See also
Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai personal pronouns
Hawaiian
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium .)
Pronunciation
Preposition
ma
in , at
Hungarian
Etymology
Probably related to más .
Pronunciation
Adverb
ma
today
Synonym: ( folksy ) máma
Coordinate terms: holnap , tegnap
1975 , Imre Kertész , translated by Tim Wilkinson, Sorstalanság , Budapest: Magvető Könyvkiadó (2016), →ISBN , page 5:Ma nem mentem iskolába. Azaz mentem, de csak, hogy hazakéredzkedjem az osztályfőnökömtől.I didn’t go to school today . Or rather, I did go, but only to ask my class teacher’s permission to take the day off.
( attributively , before any time of day ) this …… ( morning etc. ) , to- …… ( as in “tonight” )
ma reggel /délelőtt ― this morning
ma délután ― this afternoon
ma este ― this evening
ma éjjel /éjszaka ― to night
ma hajnalban , délben , éjfélkor ― at dawn, noon, midnight today
Noun
ma (usually uncountable , plural mák )
( usually preceded by the definite article “a ” ) today ( the present time period; nowadays )
Declension
The suffixed singular forms máig , mára , mához , máról , and mától are common, while mát , mának , mával , máért , mában , mánál , mába , and mából occur mostly in a figurative sense, referring to the present time. The phrase a mai nap is commonly used in its literal sense, adding suffixes to nap instead of this term. Its plural forms are virtually non-existent.
Its (single- and multiple-possession) possessive forms are hardly if ever used.
Possessive forms of ma
possessor
single possession
multiple possessions
1st person sing.
mám
—
2nd person sing.
mád
—
3rd person sing.
mája
—
1st person plural
mánk
—
2nd person plural
mátok
—
3rd person plural
májuk
—
Derived terms
Further reading
Ido
Etymology
Borrowed from French mais , Italian ma , Portuguese and Spanish mas , all from Latin magis , from Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂s .
Pronunciation
Conjunction
ma
but
Synonyms
Interlingua
Etymology
From Italian ma .
Conjunction
ma
but
Istriot
Etymology
From Latin magis .
Conjunction
ma
but
1877 , Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno , volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 68 :Ma sulo i tuoi bai uoci, anema meîa,But only your beautiful eyes, oh soul of mine
Italian
Etymology
From Latin magis .
Pronunciation
IPA (key ) : /ˈma/ * , /ˈma/
Rhymes: -a
Hyphenation: mà
Conjunction
ma
but
See also
Noun
ma f
Abbreviation of mamma .
Interjection
ma
( informal , emphatic ) indicates emotion or emphasis
Ma che carino! ― Oh , how cute!
( informal ) used to introduce a new topic or a question
Ma ...tu sei di Roma? ― So ...you're from Rome?
Further reading
Japanese
Romanization
ma
The hiragana syllable ま ( ma ) or the katakana syllable マ ( ma ) in Hepburn romanization.
Jarawa
Etymology
Cognate to Önge mi ( “ I; me ” ) .
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ma
me ; us ( singular and plural first-person pronoun in the accusative case )
Usage notes
The pronoun mi can also be used in the accusative case, but it is less common than ma . When used in possessive constructions, the choice of pronoun is largely determined by vowel harmony .
See also
References
Kumar, Pramod (2012) Descriptive and Typological Study of Jarawa (PhD). Jawaharlal Nehru University. Page 76—85.
Kabyle
Conjunction
ma
if
Kavalan
Adverb
ma
only
Noun
ma
daddy ; father ( term of address )
Keoru-Ahia
Noun
ma
water
References
Kikuyu
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
As for Tonal Class, Benson (1964) classifies this term into Class 3 with a monosyllabic stem, together with rũkũ , and so on.
( Kiambu )
( Limuru ) As for Tonal Class, Yukawa (1981) classifies this term into a group including baba , guka , gũtũ , mũguĩ , mũtwe , nyamũ , ruo , rũhĩ (pl. hĩ ), rũkũ (pl. ngũ ), taata ( “ my aunt ” ) , ũta (pl. mota ), ũthiũ (pl. mothiũ ), and so on.[ 1]
Noun
ma
truth [ 2]
Adverb
ma
truly [ 2]
Etymology 2
Particle
m a
( for class 6 ) of
References
Ladino
Etymology
From Old Spanish mas , from Latin magis .
Conjunction
ma (Latin spelling )
but
Synonym: ama
1979 July, Moshe Shaul, “Istoria i Dezvelopamiento del Djudeo-Espaniol”, in Aki Yerushalayim , archived from the original on 3 December 2020 , page 11 :La primera de eyas es ke el djudeo-espaniol kontiene un grande numero de arkaizmos o sea, palavras ke eran empleadas en Espania asta el siglo XV ma ke dezparesieron dezde entonses de su vokabulario, mientres ke en el djudeo-espaniol kontinuan a existir asta oy. The first of them is that Judeo-Spanish contains a large number of archaisms, or rather, words that were used in Spain until the 15th century but which disappeared after then from its vocabulary, while in Judeo-Spanish they continue to be used to this day.
2020 January 29, Metin Delevi, “El 27 de Enero es el dia de memoria de las viktimas del Nazismo, del Olokosto…”, in Şalom :Devemos de saver ke el antisemitizmo es una de las formas ekstremas del rasizmo ma ay otras formas de rasizmo i devemos de luchar kon todo modo forma del rasizmo. We must know that antisemitism is one of the extreme forms of racism, but there are other forms of racism and we must fight every form of racism.
why
Lala (South Africa)
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-jɪ́ma .
Verb
-má
to stand
Lhao Vo
Etymology
Cognate with Lashi muì and Burmese အမွေ ( a.mwe ) .
Noun
ma
inheritance
heirloom
References
Dr. Ola Hanson, A Dictionary of the Kachin Language (1906).
Ligurian
Conjunction
ma
but
Linngithigh
Etymology
From Proto-Paman *pama.
Noun
ma ( ergative mal , dative maw )
man , person
Livonian
Etymology
Shorter form of minā .
Pronoun
ma
I ; first person pronoun, referring to the speaker
Declension
See also
References
Renāte Blumberga, Tapio Mäkeläinen, Karl Pajusalu (2013 ), Lībieši: vēsture, valoda un kultūra , Rīga: Līvõ Kultūr sidām, →ISBN
Lower Sorbian
Pronunciation
Verb
ma
third-person singular present of měś
Maltese
Pronunciation
IPA (key ) : /maː/
Usually unstressed and then automatically shortened to /ma/ .
Homophone : ma’
Etymology 1
From Arabic مَا ( mā , “ not ” ) .
Adverb
ma
not ; used to negate verbs and pronominal adverbs
Illum ma nixrobx. ― I do not drink today.
Qatt ma nixrob. ― I never drink. / I do not ever drink.
2008 , Trevor Żahra, Il-Ġenn li Jżommni f’Sikti , Merlin Publishers, →ISBN :
Usage notes
Generally used together with the negative ending -x attached to the verb or pronominal adverb. This ending is absent, however, when another negative word is used, such as qatt ( “ never ” ) , ebda ( “ no, none ” ) , ħadd ( “ nobody ” ) , xejn ( “ nothing ” ) .
Etymology 2
From Arabic مَا ( mā , “ what ” ) .
Pronoun
ma
( relative ) Alternative form of li ( “ who, which, that ” ) , used in some fossiled expressions
L-ewwel ma tiekol, l-għajn. You eat with your eyes first. (literally, “The first that eats is the eye. ”)
( obsolete , with comparative adjective) how (as in “how beautiful is...”)
Synonym: kemm
ca. 1760 , G.P.F. Agius de Soldanis , Discorso tra due contadini sopra le nuove correnti :Rait e Sultana, u m akbar u m esbahh ma hi, ma t challi hhasra, ghaliesc i enghat li t-arga mnein giet. Rajt is-Sultana. U ma akbar u ma isbaħ ma hi! Imma tħalli ħasra, għaliex jingħad li terġa’ mnejn ġiet. I saw the Sultana . And how big and how beautiful she is! But is a pity, because they say she will go back to where she came from.
Derived terms
Mandarin
Romanization
ma (ma5 / ma0 , Zhuyin ˙ㄇㄚ )
Hanyu Pinyin reading of 么
Hanyu Pinyin reading of 嗎 / 吗
Hanyu Pinyin reading of 嘛
Hanyu Pinyin reading of 㕰
ma
Nonstandard spelling of mā .
Nonstandard spelling of má .
Nonstandard spelling of mǎ .
Nonstandard spelling of mà .
Usage notes
Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Maonan
Noun
ma
dog
Maricopa
Noun
ma
milk
Mbyá Guaraní
Adverb
ma
already
Particle
ma
separates the topic from the rest of the sentence.
Oja ma haku .As for the pan, it is hot.
Middle English
Pronoun
ma
Alternative form of man ( “ one, you ” )
Mursi
Etymology
Cognate with Suri ma .
Pronunciation
IPA (key ) : /mà/ ,
Hyphenation: ma
Noun
ma (Ethiopic script ማ )
water
river
References
David Turton, Moges Yigezu, Olisarali Olibui (2008 ) “ma”, in Mursi-English-Amharic dictionary , →ISBN , page 117
Firew Girma Worku (2020 ) A grammar of Mursi , page 123
Neapolitan
Etymology
From Latin magis . Compare Italian ma , French mais .
Conjunction
ma
but
Nefamese
Etymology
From Assamese মা ( ma ) , Early Assamese মাৱ ( mawo ) , from Prakrit 𑀫𑀸𑀬𑀸 ( māyā ) , from Sanskrit माता ( mātā ) .
Noun
ma
mother , mom
Nigerian Pidgin
Etymology
From English my .
Determiner
ma (with tonal diacritic: má)
my
North Frisian
Preposition
ma
( Mooring ) with
Northern Ndebele
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-jɪ́ma .
Verb
-má
to stand
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template .
Old Czech
Etymology
Derived from the 1st person dual suffix -ma , which itself is a neologism, found in 15th century texts, derived from the 1st person dual suffix -va under the influence of the 1st person plural suffices -m /-me /-my . There aren't many attestations of this pronoun.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ma
( rare ) we two ( first person dual )
Synonyms: vě , va
Declension
Declension of the personal pronouns
Singular
1st person
2nd person
Reflexive
Nominative
jáz , já
ty
—
Genitive
mne , mě
tebe , tě
sebe , sě
Dative
mně , mi
tobě , ti
sobě , si
Accusative
mě , mne
tě , tebe
sě , sebe
Locative
mně
tobě
sobě
Instrumental
mnú
tobú , tebú
sobú , sebú
Possessive
mój
tvój
svój
Dual
1st person
2nd person
Reflexive
Nominative
vě , va , ma
vy
—
Genitive
najú
vajú
sebe , sě
Dative
náma
váma
sobě , si
Accusative
ny , najú
vy , vajú
sě , sebe
Locative
najú
vajú
sobě
Instrumental
náma
váma
sobú , sebú
Possessive
náš , najú
váš , vajú
svój
Plural
1st person
2nd person
Reflexive
Nominative
my
vy
—
Genitive
nás
vás
sebe , sě
Dative
nám , nem
vám , vem
sobě , si
Accusative
ny , nás
vy , vás
sě , sebe
Locative
nás
vás
sobě
Instrumental
námi
vámi
sobú , sebú
Possessive
náš
váš
svój
References
Old English
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *maiz . Cognate with Old Frisian mā , Old Saxon mēr , Old Dutch mēr , Old High German mēr , Old Norse meir , Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐍃 ( mais ) .
Pronunciation
Adverb
mā
more
late 9th century , King Alfred's translation of Boethius' Metres of Boethius , lines 85-89
Mid þȳ is ġetācnod þæt his trēowa sceal, and his mōdġeþonc, mā up þonne niþer habban tō heofonum. By that is betokened, that his trust shall, and his mind, more upwards than downwards aspire to the heavens.
The Life of Saint Margaret
Sēo hāliġe fǣmne him andswarode and cwæþ, "Nis mē ālīefed þæt iċ þē tō seċġe, for þon þū neart nā wierðe mīne stefne tō ġehīerenne. Godes bebodu iċ wille ġehīeran and ġecȳðan. And þū, dēofol, ādumba nū, for þon þe iċ nylle nān word mā of þīnum mūðe ġehīeran." The holy virgin answered him and said, "I’m not allowed to tell you, because you don't deserve to hear my voice. God's commandments are what I want to hear and impart. And you, demon, be quiet now, because I don't want to hear one more word out of your mouth."
further
late 9th century , King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy
Nū ðū þæt swā openlīce onġiten hæfst, ne þearfe ic nū nauht swīþe ymbe þ swincan þæt ic þē mā be gode recce. Since thou hast so clearly understood this, I need not now greatly labour in order that I may instruct thee further concerning good;...
instead , rather
Adjective
mā (indeclinable )
more ( often + genitive )
late 10th century , Ælfric , "Saint Maur, Abbot"
Þā ġecwæð sē abbod and ealle þā ġebrōðra þæt þēr ne mihte nā mā muneca wunian... Then said the abbot and all the brothers, that no more monks could dwell there...
Usage notes
The expected comparative and superlative forms of mā , māra and mǣst , occur, but are traditionally considered to be suppletive forms of miċel instead.
Old French
Etymology
From Latin meam .
Determiner
ma f (masculine mon , plural mes )
my (first-person singular possessive)
Descendants
Old Frisian
Pronoun
ma
one
Old Irish
Conjunction
ma
Alternative spelling of má
Omaha-Ponca
Noun
ma
snow
References
Opao
Noun
ma
water
References
Orokolo
Noun
ma
water
References
Phalura
Etymology
From Sanskrit म ( ma , “ 1sg (base of oblique cases) ” ) .
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ma (personal , Perso-Arabic spelling مہ )
I (1sg nom, subject), me (1sg direct object)
máa- ( Forming one phonological word with following postposition or clitic, e.g. máathe 'me, to me' with the 'to'. )
References
Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011 ) “ma”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7) , Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985 ) “ma ”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages , London: Oxford University Press
Pipil
Pronunciation
Particle
mā
Subjunctive marker
Clipping of maka . (Negative imperative marker )
Ma shina kiuni!Don't say that!
Usage notes
The particle ma helps disambiguating many of the subjunctive forms from the present indicative or imperative forms.
Verb
-má
Clipping of -maka .
Pitjantjatjara
Adverb
ma
away
Pohnpeian
Conjunction
ma
if
Polish
Pronunciation
IPA (key ) : /ˈma/
Rhymes: -a
Syllabification: ma
Etymology 1
Verb
ma
third-person singular present indicative of mieć
Andrzej ma 18 lat. ― Andrzej is 18 years old.
Etymology 2
Pronoun
ma
( literary ) Alternative form of moja .
Further reading
ma in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Portuguese
Pronunciation
Contraction
ma
Contraction of me a ( “ her/it to me ” ) .
Romani
Etymology
Inherited from Prakrit 𑀫𑀸 ( mā ) , from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀫𑀸 ( mā ) , from Sanskrit मा ( mā ) .
Particle
ma
don't ( prohibitive particle )
References
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985 ) “māˊ ”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages , London: Oxford University Press, page 574
Boretzky, Norbert , Igla, Birgit (1994 ) “ma¹”, in Wörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum : mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN , page 172a
Marcel Courthiade (2009 ) “ma (and-e rokhimàta)”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög (overall work in Hungarian and English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN , page 231a
Romanian
Adverb
ma
Obsolete form of mai .
References
ma in Academia Română, Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a , Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010. →ISBN
Salar
Conjunction
ma
and
Samoan
Etymology
Cognate with Maori me and Hawaiian me .
Conjunction
ma
and
because
Preposition
ma
with
Savi
Etymology
From Sanskrit मया ( mayā ) or another form of अहम् ( aham , “ I ” ) .
Pronoun
ma
I ; first-person singular personal pronoun
References
Knobloch, Nina (2020 ) A grammar sketch of Sauji: An Indo-Aryan language of Afghanistan , Stockholm: Stockholm University
Scots
Pronunciation
Determiner
ma
Alternative form of my
References
“my, poss. adj. ”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language , Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries , 2004–present, →OCLC , retrieved 23 May 2024 , reproduced from W Grant and D D. Murison, editors, The Scottish National Dictionary , Edinburgh: Scottish National Dictionary Association , 1931–1976, →OCLC .
Scottish Gaelic
Etymology
From Old Irish má , from Proto-Celtic *mā , *ma (compare Cornish and Breton mar ), from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂ .
Conjunction
ma
if
Ma tha thu ’g iarrraidh sin… ― If you want that…
Ma bhios tu…/Ma bhitheas tu… ― If you will be…/If you are… (habitual)
Usage notes
Where followed by the ‘future’ tense, the corresponding relative verb-form is used.
Dèan e, ma thogras tu. Do it, if you want.
In the conditional tense , instead of ma , nan /nam is used in positive sentences and mura /mur /mana in negative ones.
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
From Italian ma , reinforced by Ancient Greek μά ( má ) ; both ultimately from Latin magis .
Pronunciation
IPA (key ) : /mâ/
Hyphenation: m‧a
Interjection
mȁ (Cyrillic spelling ма̏ )
bah , whatever
Placed at the beginning of a sentence to add intensity and surprise
Ma kako?! ― How?!
Ma gdje? ― Where in the world...?
Ma da? ― Really?
Ma to je on! ― That's definitely him!
Placed at the beginning of a sentence to express dismissal and indignation
Ma ne. ― No way.
Ma daj. ― Oh come on.
Ma kakvi. ― Impossible.
Used to emphasize sarcasm
Ma da!/Ma svakako!/Ma naravno! ― Yeah, sure.
Ma nemoj. ― Oh you don't say?
Ma nikad niste vi krivi. ― Of course it can never be your fault.
Situ
Etymology
Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ma .
Particle
ma
not , no ; negative particle
Further reading
M. Prins, A Grammar of rGyalrong, Jiǎomùzú (Kyom-kyo) Dialects: A Web of Relations (2016) (and earlier A Web of Relations: A Grammar of rGyalrong, Jiǎomùzú (Kyom-kyo) Dialects , 2011)
Slovak
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ma
genitive / accusative of ja
Spanish
Noun
ma f (plural mas )
( Latin America ) mum ; mom
Further reading
Sumerian
Romanization
ma
Romanization of 𒈠 ( ma )
Suri
Noun
mà
water
References
1999 , Michael Bryant, Aspects of Tirmaga Grammar (in notes, as ma )
Michael Bryant, A Brief Grammar of the Suri Language (2011) (as mà )
Swazi
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-jɪ́ma .
Verb
-́ma
to stand
to stop , to wait
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template .
Tagalog
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Influenced by Baybayin character ᜋ ( ma ) .
Noun
ma (Baybayin spelling ᜋ )
the name of the Latin-script letter M /m , in the Abakada alphabet
Synonyms: ( in the Filipino alphabet ) em , ( in the Abecedario ) eme
See also
Etymology 2
Noun
ma (Baybayin spelling ᜋ )
Clipping of mama : mom
Etymology 3
Noun
ma (Baybayin spelling ᜋ )
( zoology ) mollusk with a shell that looks like a coat of mail
Further reading
“ma ”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph , Manila, 2018
Anagrams
Tahitian
Conjunction
ma
and
Preposition
ma
with
Tairuma
Noun
ma
Alternative form of ma'a
References
Tat
Etymology
Cognate with Persian ماه ( mâh ) .
Noun
ma
moon
Tày
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Proto-Tai *ʰmaːᴬ ( “ dog ” ) . Cognate with Thai หมา ( mǎa ) , Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨾᩣ , Lao ໝາ ( mā ) , Tai Dam ꪢꪱ , Lü ᦖᦱ ( ṁaa ) , Shan မႃ ( mǎa ) , Tai Nüa ᥛᥣᥴ ( máa ) , Aiton မႃ ( mā ) , Ahom 𑜉𑜠 ( ma ) , Zhuang ma , Saek หม่า .
Noun
ma (𬍄 )
( zoology ) dog
Synonyms
Derived terms
References
Lương Bèn (2011 ) Từ điển Tày-Việt (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên
Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003 ) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội
Etymology 2
From Vietnamese ma .
Noun
ma (魔 )
ghost
Teanu
Etymology
From Proto-Vanikoro *ma , from Proto-Oceanic *lima , from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lima , from Proto-Austronesian *lima .
Pronunciation
Noun
ma
arm
hand
References
Ternate
Pronunciation
Conjunction
ma
relative clause introducer ; which , that
Synonym: yang
References
Rika Hayami-Allen (2001 ) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia , University of Pittsburgh
Toaripi
Noun
ma
( Toaripi, Kaipi, Sepoe ) water
References
Tokelauan
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Proto-Polynesian *ma . Cognates include Maori mā and Samoan ma .
Conjunction
ma
Joins noun clauses ; and , with
1948 , Tūlāfono fakavae a Tokelau , page 1:Ko te fakavae tenei e matea i nā nuku ma kafai ona tagata e faifaimea fakatahi, ma nonofo fakatahi i te filemu ma te fiafia. This foundation is recognised in the villages and if its people repeatedly do things together, and they live together in peace and happiness.
Joins verb clauses ; and , also , too
1948 , Tūlāfono fakavae a Tokelau , page 1:Ko te fakavae tenei e matea i nā nuku ma kafai ona tagata e faifaimea fakatahi, ma nonofo fakatahi i te filemu ma te fiafia. This foundation is recognised in the villages and if its people repeatedly do things together, and they live together in peace and happiness.
Etymology 2
From Proto-Polynesian *ma .
Preposition
ma
from , away from
Etymology 3
Preposition
ma
Marks a prospective role of the subject ; as , for
References
R. Simona, editor (1986 ), Tokelau Dictionary , Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 198
Tz'utujil
Adverb
ma
not
Veps
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *maa , from Proto-Uralic *mëxe .
Noun
ma
earth
ground
soil
land , country , region
state
Inflection
Derived terms
References
Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007 ) “грунт , держава , земля , почва , свет , страна ”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ , Petrozavodsk: Periodika
Vietnamese
ma on Vietnamese Wikipedia
Etymology
Sino-Vietnamese word from 魔 .
The modern Vietnamese usage of ma ( “ ghost ” ) and quỷ ( “ demon; ogre ” ) is contrary to that of Mandarin 魔 ( mó , “ demon ” ) and 鬼 ( guǐ , “ ghost ” ) . This can be exemplified in the pair ma đói vs. 餓鬼 / 饿鬼 ( ngạ quỷ , “ preta ” ) .
Pronunciation
Noun
(classifier con ) ma
ghost (spirit appearing after death)
( archaic ) a demon
Synonym: quỷ
Derived terms
Romanization
ma
Sino-Vietnamese reading of 魔
Derived terms
Anagrams
Vilamovian
Pronoun
ma
( indefinite ) one , they ( indefinite third-person singular pronoun )
Vilela
Noun
ma
water
References
Bernard Comrie, Lucía Golluscio, Language Contact and Documentation (2015, →ISBN
Bartolomé Tavera-Acosta, En el sur: (Dialectos indígenas de Venezuela) (1907)
Warao
Pronoun
ma
my
Ma rahe hakaya.My brother runs.
Natu ma tatutuma iji minajara? [ 1] Granny, have you not seen my wives?
me , accusative of iné
Ma hube abuae.A snake bit me .
Ihi ma isiko naonahara? [ 2] Don't you come with me ?
References
^ Vaquero 1965.274, 278
^ Romero-Figueroa 1985a.109
West Makian
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ma
( animate ) third-person possessive pronoun , its
mene me mo oma ― this is his child (literally, “this (is) he his child ”)
da kabi mo gou ― the goat's leg
Usage notes
The possessive pronoun ma follows West Makian vowel harmony , and as such may surface as me , mi , or mo .
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Determiner
ma
( distal ) that , those
Synonym: mema
Antonym: ne
pala ma ilamo ― that house is large
oma ma ― those children
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
Conjunction
ma
then
toi ipongi, ma tasagal yo ― if it rains, then I won't go
References
Clemens Voorhoeve (1982 ) The Makian languages and their neighbours , Pacific linguistics
Wolof
Pronoun
ma
me ( first-person singular object pronoun )
See also
Wutunhua
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Probably related to Mandarin 麼 / 么 (me ).
Pronoun
ma
what ( interrogative )
Etymology 2
From Mandarin 馬 / 马 ( mǎ ) .
Noun
ma
horse
References
Juha Janhunen , Marja Peltomaa, Erika Sandman, Xiawu Dongzhou (2008 ) Wutun (LINCOM's Descriptive Grammar Series), volume 466 , LINCOM Europa, →ISBN
Erika Sandman (2016 ) A Grammar of Wutun , University of Helsinki (PhD), →ISBN
Xhosa
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-jɪ́ma .
Verb
-̂ma
( intransitive ) to halt
( intransitive ) to stop
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template .
Derived terms
Yola
Verb
ma
Alternative form of mye ( “ may ” )
1927 , “THE FORTH MAN'S GRACE AFTER A SCANTY DINNER”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD , page 137 , line 2:When ye Lord plaase, He ma mend this,
References
Kathleen A. Browne (1927 ) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2 , Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, page 137
Zazaki
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ma
we ; us (first-person plural personal pronoun)
Zhuang
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Proto-Tai *ʰmaːᴬ ( “ dog ” ) . Cognate with
Thai หมา ( mǎa ) ,
Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨾᩣ ,
Lao ໝາ ( mā ) ,
Lü ᦖᦱ ( ṁaa ) ,
Tai Dam ꪢꪱ ,
Shan မႃ ( mǎa ) ,
Tai Nüa ᥛᥣᥴ ( máa ) ,
Aiton မႃ ( mā ) ,
Ahom 𑜉𑜠 ( ma ) ,
Saek หม่า .
Noun
ma (classifier duz , Sawndip forms 𬌫 or 獁 or 𬍄 or 𰡪 or 䭾 or 庅 or 犸 or 𭸱 , 1957–1982 spelling ma )
dog
Derived terms
Etymology 2
From Proto-Tai *ʰmaːᴬ ( “ to come ” ) . Cognate with
Thai มา ( maa ) ,
Northern Thai ᨾᩣ ( ma ) ,
Lao ມາ ( mā ) ,
Lü ᦙᦱ ( maa ) ,
Tai Nüa ᥛᥣᥰ ( mäa ) ,
Shan မႃး ( máa ) ,
Aiton မႃ ( mā ) ,
Ahom 𑜉𑜠 ( ma ) or
𑜉𑜡 ( mā ) or
𑜉𑜡𑜠 ( māa ) .
Verb
ma (Sawndip forms 庲 or ⿸广末 or 么 or 麻 or ⿸广处 or 𮜃 or ⿰么馬 or ⿰㐅馬 or 𫹞 or 駡 , 1957–1982 spelling ma )
to come back ; to return
See also
Zulu
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-jɪ́ma .
Verb
-má
( intransitive ) to stand , to be standing
( intransitive ) to stand still , to not move
( intransitive ) to stop , to come to a standstill , to halt
Inflection
Tone H, latent i
Infinitive
ukuma
Positive
Negative
Infinitive
ukuma
ukungemi
Imperative
Simple
+ object concord
Singular
yima
-me
Plural
yimani
-meni
Stative
Positive absolute
Positive relative
Positive participial
Negative absolute
Negative relative
Negative participial
1st singular
ngimi
engimi
ngimi
angimi
engingemi
ngingemi
2nd singular
umi
omi
umi
awumi
ongemi
ungemi
1st plural
simi
esimi
simi
asimi
esingemi
singemi
2nd plural
nimi
enimi
nimi
animi
eningemi
ningemi
Class 1
umi
omi
emi
akemi
ongemi
engemi
Class 2
bemi
abemi
bemi
abemi
abangemi
bengemi
Class 3
umi
omi
umi
awumi
ongemi
ongemi
Class 4
imi
emi
imi
ayimi
engemi
ingemi
Class 5
limi
elimi
limi
alimi
elingemi
lingemi
Class 6
emi
emi
emi
awemi
angemi
engemi
Class 7
simi
esimi
simi
asimi
esingemi
singemi
Class 8
zimi
ezimi
zimi
azimi
ezingemi
zingemi
Class 9
imi
emi
imi
ayimi
engemi
ingemi
Class 10
zimi
ezimi
zimi
azimi
ezingemi
zingemi
Class 11
lumi
olumi
lumi
alumi
olungemi
lungemi
Class 14
bumi
obumi
bumi
abumi
obungemi
bungemi
Class 15
kumi
okumi
kumi
akumi
okungemi
kungemi
Class 17
kumi
okumi
kumi
akumi
okungemi
kungemi
Present
Positive absolute
Positive relative
Positive participial
Negative absolute
Negative relative
Negative participial
1st singular
ngiyema , ngima
engimayo , engima
ngima
angimi
engingemi
ngingemi
2nd singular
uyema , uma
omayo , oma
uma
awumi
ongemi
ungemi
1st plural
siyema , sima
esimayo , esima
sima
asimi
esingemi
singemi
2nd plural
niyema , nima
enimayo , enima
nima
animi
eningemi
ningemi
Class 1
uyema , uma
omayo , oma
ema
akemi
ongemi
engemi
Class 2
bayema , bema
abemayo , abema
bema
abemi
abangemi
bengemi
Class 3
uyema , uma
omayo , oma
uma
awumi
ongemi
ungemi
Class 4
iyema , ima
emayo , ema
ima
ayimi
engemi
ingemi
Class 5
liyema , lima
elimayo , elima
lima
alimi
elingemi
lingemi
Class 6
ayema , ema
emayo , ema
ema
awemi
angemi
engemi
Class 7
siyema , sima
esimayo , esima
sima
asimi
esingemi
singemi
Class 8
ziyema , zima
ezimayo , ezima
zima
azimi
ezingemi
zingemi
Class 9
iyema , ima
emayo , ema
ima
ayimi
engemi
ingemi
Class 10
ziyema , zima
ezimayo , ezima
zima
azimi
ezingemi
zingemi
Class 11
luyema , luma
olumayo , oluma
luma
alumi
olungemi
lungemi
Class 14
buyema , buma
obumayo , obuma
buma
abumi
obungemi
bungemi
Class 15
kuyema , kuma
okumayo , okuma
kuma
akumi
okungemi
kungemi
Class 17
kuyema , kuma
okumayo , okuma
kuma
akumi
okungemi
kungemi
Recent past
Positive absolute
Positive relative
Positive participial
Negative absolute
Negative relative
Negative participial
1st singular
ngimile , ngimē
engimile , engimē
ngimile , ngimē
angimanga
engingemanga
ngingemanga
2nd singular
umile , umē
omile , omē
umile , umē
awumanga
ongemanga
ungemanga
1st plural
simile , simē
esimile , esimē
simile , simē
asimanga
esingemanga
singemanga
2nd plural
nimile , nimē
enimile , enimē
nimile , nimē
animanga
eningemanga
ningemanga
Class 1
umile , umē
omile , omē
emile , emē
akemanga
ongemanga
engemanga
Class 2
bemile , bemē
abemile , abemē
bemile , bemē
abemanga
abangemanga
bengemanga
Class 3
umile , umē
omile , omē
umile , umē
awumanga
ongemanga
ungemanga
Class 4
imile , imē
emile , emē
imile , imē
ayimanga
engemanga
ingemanga
Class 5
limile , limē
elimile , elimē
limile , limē
alimanga
elingemanga
lingemanga
Class 6
emile , emē
emile , emē
emile , emē
awemanga
angemanga
engemanga
Class 7
simile , simē
esimile , esimē
simile , simē
asimanga
esingemanga
singemanga
Class 8
zimile , zimē
ezimile , ezimē
zimile , zimē
azimanga
ezingemanga
zingemanga
Class 9
imile , imē
emile , emē
imile , imē
ayimanga
engemanga
ingemanga
Class 10
zimile , zimē
ezimile , ezimē
zimile , zimē
azimanga
ezingemanga
zingemanga
Class 11
lumile , lumē
olumile , olumē
lumile , lumē
alumanga
olungemanga
lungemanga
Class 14
bumile , bumē
obumile , obumē
bumile , bumē
abumanga
obungemanga
bungemanga
Class 15
kumile , kumē
okumile , okumē
kumile , kumē
akumanga
okungemanga
kungemanga
Class 17
kumile , kumē
okumile , okumē
kumile , kumē
akumanga
okungemanga
kungemanga
Remote past
Positive absolute
Positive relative
Positive participial
Negative absolute
Negative relative
Negative participial
1st singular
ngāma
engāma
ngāma
angimanga
engingemanga
ngingemanga
2nd singular
wāma
owāma
wāma
awumanga
ongemanga
ungemanga
1st plural
sāma
esāma
sāma
asimanga
esingemanga
singemanga
2nd plural
nāma
enāma
nāma
animanga
eningemanga
ningemanga
Class 1
wāma
owāma
āma
akemanga
ongemanga
engemanga
Class 2
bāma
abāma
bāma
abemanga
abangemanga
bengemanga
Class 3
wāma
owāma
wāma
awumanga
ongemanga
ungemanga
Class 4
yāma
eyāma
yāma
ayimanga
engemanga
ingemanga
Class 5
lāma
elāma
lāma
alimanga
elingemanga
lingemanga
Class 6
āma
āma
āma
awemanga
angemanga
engemanga
Class 7
sāma
esāma
sāma
asimanga
esingemanga
singemanga
Class 8
zāma
ezāma
zāma
azimanga
ezingemanga
zingemanga
Class 9
yāma
eyāma
yāma
ayimanga
engemanga
ingemanga
Class 10
zāma
ezāma
zāma
azimanga
ezingemanga
zingemanga
Class 11
lwāma
olwāma
lwāma
alumanga
olungemanga
lungemanga
Class 14
bāma
obāma
bāma
abumanga
obungemanga
bungemanga
Class 15
kwāma
okwāma
kwāma
akumanga
okungemanga
kungemanga
Class 17
kwāma
okwāma
kwāma
akumanga
okungemanga
kungemanga
Potential
Positive absolute
Positive relative
Positive participial
Negative absolute
Negative relative
Negative participial
1st singular
ngingema
—
ngingema
ngingeme
—
ngingeme
2nd singular
ungema
—
ungema
ungeme
—
ungeme
1st plural
singema
—
singema
singeme
—
singeme
2nd plural
ningema
—
ningema
ningeme
—
ningeme
Class 1
angema
—
engema
angeme
—
engeme
Class 2
bangema
—
bengema
bangeme
—
bengeme
Class 3
ungema
—
ungema
ungeme
—
ungeme
Class 4
ingema
—
ingema
ingeme
—
ingeme
Class 5
lingema
—
lingema
lingeme
—
lingeme
Class 6
angema
—
engema
angeme
—
engeme
Class 7
singema
—
singema
singeme
—
singeme
Class 8
zingema
—
zingema
zingeme
—
zingeme
Class 9
ingema
—
ingema
ingeme
—
ingeme
Class 10
zingema
—
zingema
zingeme
—
zingeme
Class 11
lungema
—
lungema
lungeme
—
lungeme
Class 14
bungema
—
bungema
bungeme
—
bungeme
Class 15
kungema
—
kungema
kungeme
—
kungeme
Class 17
kungema
—
kungema
kungeme
—
kungeme
Immediate future
Positive absolute
Positive relative
Positive participial
Negative absolute
Negative relative
Negative participial
1st singular
ngizokuma
engizokuma
ngizokuma
angizukuma
engingezukuma
ngingezukuma
2nd singular
uzokuma
ozokuma
uzokuma
awuzukuma
ongezukuma
ungezukuma
1st plural
sizokuma
esizokuma
sizokuma
asizukuma
esingezukuma
singezukuma
2nd plural
nizokuma
enizokuma
nizokuma
anizukuma
eningezukuma
ningezukuma
Class 1
uzokuma
ozokuma
ezokuma
akazukuma
ongezukuma
engezukuma
Class 2
bazokuma
abazokuma
bezokuma
abazukuma
abangezukuma
bengezukuma
Class 3
uzokuma
ozokuma
uzokuma
awuzukuma
ongezukuma
ungezukuma
Class 4
izokuma
ezokuma
izokuma
ayizukuma
engezukuma
ingezukuma
Class 5
lizokuma
elizokuma
lizokuma
alizukuma
elingezukuma
lingezukuma
Class 6
azokuma
azokuma
ezokuma
awazukuma
angezukuma
engezukuma
Class 7
sizokuma
esizokuma
sizokuma
asizukuma
esingezukuma
singezukuma
Class 8
zizokuma
ezizokuma
zizokuma
azizukuma
ezingezukuma
zingezukuma
Class 9
izokuma
ezokuma
izokuma
ayizukuma
engezukuma
ingezukuma
Class 10
zizokuma
ezizokuma
zizokuma
azizukuma
ezingezukuma
zingezukuma
Class 11
luzokuma
oluzokuma
luzokuma
aluzukuma
olungezukuma
lungezukuma
Class 14
buzokuma
obuzokuma
buzokuma
abuzukuma
obungezukuma
bungezukuma
Class 15
kuzokuma
okuzokuma
kuzokuma
akuzukuma
okungezukuma
kungezukuma
Class 17
kuzokuma
okuzokuma
kuzokuma
akuzukuma
okungezukuma
kungezukuma
Remote future
Positive absolute
Positive relative
Positive participial
Negative absolute
Negative relative
Negative participial
1st singular
ngiyokuma
engiyokuma
ngiyokuma
angiyukuma
engingeyukuma
ngingeyukuma
2nd singular
uyokuma
oyokuma
uyokuma
awuyukuma
ongeyukuma
ungeyukuma
1st plural
siyokuma
esiyokuma
siyokuma
asiyukuma
esingeyukuma
singeyukuma
2nd plural
niyokuma
eniyokuma
niyokuma
aniyukuma
eningeyukuma
ningeyukuma
Class 1
uyokuma
oyokuma
eyokuma
akayukuma
ongeyukuma
engeyukuma
Class 2
bayokuma
abayokuma
beyokuma
abayukuma
abangeyukuma
bengeyukuma
Class 3
uyokuma
oyokuma
uyokuma
awuyukuma
ongeyukuma
ungeyukuma
Class 4
iyokuma
eyokuma
iyokuma
ayiyukuma
engeyukuma
ingeyukuma
Class 5
liyokuma
eliyokuma
liyokuma
aliyukuma
elingeyukuma
lingeyukuma
Class 6
ayokuma
ayokuma
eyokuma
awayukuma
angeyukuma
engeyukuma
Class 7
siyokuma
esiyokuma
siyokuma
asiyukuma
esingeyukuma
singeyukuma
Class 8
ziyokuma
eziyokuma
ziyokuma
aziyukuma
ezingeyukuma
zingeyukuma
Class 9
iyokuma
eyokuma
iyokuma
ayiyukuma
engeyukuma
ingeyukuma
Class 10
ziyokuma
eziyokuma
ziyokuma
aziyukuma
ezingeyukuma
zingeyukuma
Class 11
luyokuma
oluyokuma
luyokuma
aluyukuma
olungeyukuma
lungeyukuma
Class 14
buyokuma
obuyokuma
buyokuma
abuyukuma
obungeyukuma
bungeyukuma
Class 15
kuyokuma
okuyokuma
kuyokuma
akuyukuma
okungeyukuma
kungeyukuma
Class 17
kuyokuma
okuyokuma
kuyokuma
akuyukuma
okungeyukuma
kungeyukuma
Present subjunctive
Positive
Negative
1st singular
ngime
ngingemi
2nd singular
ume
ungemi
1st plural
sime
singemi
2nd plural
nime
ningemi
Class 1
eme
angemi
Class 2
beme
bangemi
Class 3
ume
ungemi
Class 4
ime
ingemi
Class 5
lime
lingemi
Class 6
eme
angemi
Class 7
sime
singemi
Class 8
zime
zingemi
Class 9
ime
ingemi
Class 10
zime
zingemi
Class 11
lume
lungemi
Class 14
bume
bungemi
Class 15
kume
kungemi
Class 17
kume
kungemi
Past subjunctive
Positive
Negative
1st singular
ngema
ngangema , angema , angangema
2nd singular
wema
wangema , awema , awangema
1st plural
sema
sangema , asema , asangema
2nd plural
nema
nangema , anema , anangema
Class 1
wema
wangema , akema , akangema
Class 2
bema
bangema , abema , abangema
Class 3
wema
wangema , awema , awangema
Class 4
yema
yangema , ayema , ayangema
Class 5
lema
langema , alema , alangema
Class 6
ema
angema , awema , awangema
Class 7
sema
sangema , asema , asangema
Class 8
zema
zangema , azema , azangema
Class 9
yema
yangema , ayema , ayangema
Class 10
zema
zangema , azema , azangema
Class 11
lwema
lwangema , alwema , alwangema
Class 14
bema
bangema , abema , abangema
Class 15
kwema
kwangema , akwema , akwangema
Class 17
kwema
kwangema , akwema , akwangema
Derived terms
References