machina

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French

Pronunciation

Verb

machina

  1. third-person singular past historic of machiner

Italian

Noun

machina f (plural machine)

  1. (archaic or dialectal) Alternative form of macchina

Latin

Etymology

Borrowed from Doric Greek μᾱχανᾱ́ (mākhanā́, “machine, tool”) (compare Attic Greek μηχανή (mēkhanḗ)). Apparently a rather early borrowing, considering the vowel reduction of unstressed /a/ to /ĭ/.

Pronunciation

Noun

māchina f (genitive māchinae); first declension

  1. machine
    • specifically, a war machine, military engine, siege engine
      • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 2.45–48:
        “Aut hoc inclūsī lignō occultantur Achīvī,
        aut haec in nostrōs fabricāta est māchina mūrōs,
        īnspectūra domōs ventūraque dēsuper urbī,
        aut aliquis latet error .”
        “Either the Grecian , having enclosed in this wood, are hiding , or else they have built a machine against our walls, to watch homes and reach city from above, or it conceals some other deception .” – Laocoön
        (See: Roman siege engines.)
  2. scheme, plan, machination
  3. mill

Declension

First-declension noun.

Case Singular Plural
Nominative māchina māchinae
Genitive māchinae māchinārum
Dative māchinae māchinīs
Accusative māchinam māchinās
Ablative māchinā māchinīs
Vocative māchina māchinae

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

  • Dalmatian: mucna
  • Italian: macina
    Tuscan: maina (Lucca)
  • Lombard: masna (Alpine)
  • Sardinian: maghina

Learned borrowings:

References

  1. ^ Adams, J. N. (2007) The regional diversification of Latin, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 486

Further reading

  • “machina”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “machina”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • machina in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • machina in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • machina in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016

Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin māchina, from Doric Ancient Greek μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (mākhanā́). Doublet of maszyna (“machine”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /maˈxi.na/
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -ina
  • Syllabification: ma‧chi‧na

Noun

machina f

  1. heavy machinery
  2. complex system
  3. (archaic) machine
    Synonym: maszyna

Declension

Declension of machina
singular plural
nominative machina machiny
genitive machiny machin
dative machinie machinom
accusative machinę machiny
instrumental machiną machinami
locative machinie machinach
vocative machino machiny

Further reading

  • machina in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • machina in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Noun

machina f (plural machinas)

  1. Pre-reform spelling (until Brazil 1943/Portugal 1911) of máquina.
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