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mal-. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
mal-, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
mal- in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
mal- you have here. The definition of the word
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mal-, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
English
Etymology
From Old French mal- from the Latin adverb male, from malus.
Prefix
mal-
- bad, badly
- Synonym: mis-
- evil
- unhealthy, harmful
- unpleasant
- incorrect
- Synonyms: para-, dis-, dys-, mis-
- incomplete, unfinished
- poorly, deficiently
- Synonyms: under-, hypo-, dys-
- unintentional, mistaken, accidental
- Synonym: mis-
- not
- Synonyms: a-, an-, dys-, in-, non-, un-
Derived terms
Anagrams
Catalan
Etymology
From mal.
Prefix
mal-
- poorly, badly
Derived terms
Further reading
Esperanto
Etymology
Borrowed from French mal- in its secondary sense of denoting the opposite.
Pronunciation
Prefix
mal-
- denotes opposites
- mal- + alta (“high”) → malalta (“low”)
- mal- + ami (“to love”) → malami (“to hate”)
- mal- + dekstra (“right”) → maldekstra (“left”)
Usage notes
- Speakers of languages where words similar to mal- have meanings related to badness or evil should remember that mal- indicates solely the antonym, with no pejorative value. Affixes with pejorative connotations include mis- (“wrongly, incorrectly, poorly”), fi- (“shameful”), and -aĉ- (“inferior in quality, contemptible”).
- Despite the availability of mal-, many words denoting opposites are available; for example malgranda and eta (“small”), or malgaja and trista (“sad”). Some of these are poetic or rare, but others have passed into more or less common use. Mal- may and often is still used to produce the opposite, though in certain cases it might have a slightly different connotation; e.g. malpaco (“turmoil, strife”) vs. milito (“war”).
- When it is necessary to distinguish between the contrary of a sense and the absence of it, the latter may be indicated with ne- (“not”) or sen- (“without”). For example, malamiko (“enemy”) contrasts with neamiko "non-friend" (e.g. a stranger or acquaintance).
Derived terms
See also
French
Etymology
Inherited from Middle French mal-, from Old French mal-, from mal (“bad; badly”).
Pronunciation
Prefix
mal-
- badly; wrongly
- mal- + faisant → malfaisant (“harmful”)
- denotes the opposite of the unprefixed form
Derived terms
Italian
Etymology
From Latin male (“badly”).
Prefix
mal-
- bad; badly
Derived terms
Maltese
Pronunciation
Preposition
mal-
- definite form of ma’ used before vowels or qamri consonants.
- mal-mara ― with the woman
- mal-idea ― with the idea
Old French
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Latin male (“badly”).
Prefix
mal-
- bad; badly
Synonyms
Derived terms
Portuguese
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin male (“badly”).
Prefix
mal-
- bad; badly
- poorly
- barely, hardly
Spanish
Etymology
From Latin male (“badly”).
Prefix
mal-
- bad; badly
Derived terms