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Southern Ndebele
Verb
-mángala
- to be surprised
Inflection
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Spanish
Verb
mangala
- second-person singular voseo imperative of mangar combined with la
Swazi
Verb
-mángala
- to be amazed, to be surprised
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Xhosa
Verb
-mángala
- (intransitive) to be surprised
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Verb
-mangala
- (intransitive) to be amazed, to be astonished, to be surprised
Inflection
Tone L
|
Infinitive
|
ukumangala
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukumangala
|
ukungamangali
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
mangala
|
-mangale
|
Plural
|
mangalani
|
-mangaleni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyamangala, ngimangala
|
engimangalayo, engimangala
|
ngimangala
|
angimangali
|
engingamangali
|
ngingamangali
|
2nd singular
|
uyamangala, umangala
|
omangalayo, omangala
|
umangala
|
awumangali
|
ongamangali
|
ungamangali
|
1st plural
|
siyamangala, simangala
|
esimangalayo, esimangala
|
simangala
|
asimangali
|
esingamangali
|
singamangali
|
2nd plural
|
niyamangala, nimangala
|
enimangalayo, enimangala
|
nimangala
|
animangali
|
eningamangali
|
ningamangali
|
Class 1
|
uyamangala, umangala
|
omangalayo, omangala
|
emangala
|
akamangali
|
ongamangali
|
engamangali
|
Class 2
|
bayamangala, bamangala
|
abamangalayo, abamangala
|
bemangala
|
abamangali
|
abangamangali
|
bengamangali
|
Class 3
|
uyamangala, umangala
|
omangalayo, omangala
|
umangala
|
awumangali
|
ongamangali
|
ungamangali
|
Class 4
|
iyamangala, imangala
|
emangalayo, emangala
|
imangala
|
ayimangali
|
engamangali
|
ingamangali
|
Class 5
|
liyamangala, limangala
|
elimangalayo, elimangala
|
limangala
|
alimangali
|
elingamangali
|
lingamangali
|
Class 6
|
ayamangala, amangala
|
amangalayo, amangala
|
emangala
|
awamangali
|
angamangali
|
engamangali
|
Class 7
|
siyamangala, simangala
|
esimangalayo, esimangala
|
simangala
|
asimangali
|
esingamangali
|
singamangali
|
Class 8
|
ziyamangala, zimangala
|
ezimangalayo, ezimangala
|
zimangala
|
azimangali
|
ezingamangali
|
zingamangali
|
Class 9
|
iyamangala, imangala
|
emangalayo, emangala
|
imangala
|
ayimangali
|
engamangali
|
ingamangali
|
Class 10
|
ziyamangala, zimangala
|
ezimangalayo, ezimangala
|
zimangala
|
azimangali
|
ezingamangali
|
zingamangali
|
Class 11
|
luyamangala, lumangala
|
olumangalayo, olumangala
|
lumangala
|
alumangali
|
olungamangali
|
lungamangali
|
Class 14
|
buyamangala, bumangala
|
obumangalayo, obumangala
|
bumangala
|
abumangali
|
obungamangali
|
bungamangali
|
Class 15
|
kuyamangala, kumangala
|
okumangalayo, okumangala
|
kumangala
|
akumangali
|
okungamangali
|
kungamangali
|
Class 17
|
kuyamangala, kumangala
|
okumangalayo, okumangala
|
kumangala
|
akumangali
|
okungamangali
|
kungamangali
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngimangalile, ngimangalē
|
engimangalile, engimangalē
|
ngimangalile, ngimangalē
|
angimangalanga
|
engingamangalanga
|
ngingamangalanga
|
2nd singular
|
umangalile, umangalē
|
omangalile, omangalē
|
umangalile, umangalē
|
awumangalanga
|
ongamangalanga
|
ungamangalanga
|
1st plural
|
simangalile, simangalē
|
esimangalile, esimangalē
|
simangalile, simangalē
|
asimangalanga
|
esingamangalanga
|
singamangalanga
|
2nd plural
|
nimangalile, nimangalē
|
enimangalile, enimangalē
|
nimangalile, nimangalē
|
animangalanga
|
eningamangalanga
|
ningamangalanga
|
Class 1
|
umangalile, umangalē
|
omangalile, omangalē
|
emangalile, emangalē
|
akamangalanga
|
ongamangalanga
|
engamangalanga
|
Class 2
|
bamangalile, bamangalē
|
abamangalile, abamangalē
|
bemangalile, bemangalē
|
abamangalanga
|
abangamangalanga
|
bengamangalanga
|
Class 3
|
umangalile, umangalē
|
omangalile, omangalē
|
umangalile, umangalē
|
awumangalanga
|
ongamangalanga
|
ungamangalanga
|
Class 4
|
imangalile, imangalē
|
emangalile, emangalē
|
imangalile, imangalē
|
ayimangalanga
|
engamangalanga
|
ingamangalanga
|
Class 5
|
limangalile, limangalē
|
elimangalile, elimangalē
|
limangalile, limangalē
|
alimangalanga
|
elingamangalanga
|
lingamangalanga
|
Class 6
|
amangalile, amangalē
|
amangalile, amangalē
|
emangalile, emangalē
|
awamangalanga
|
angamangalanga
|
engamangalanga
|
Class 7
|
simangalile, simangalē
|
esimangalile, esimangalē
|
simangalile, simangalē
|
asimangalanga
|
esingamangalanga
|
singamangalanga
|
Class 8
|
zimangalile, zimangalē
|
ezimangalile, ezimangalē
|
zimangalile, zimangalē
|
azimangalanga
|
ezingamangalanga
|
zingamangalanga
|
Class 9
|
imangalile, imangalē
|
emangalile, emangalē
|
imangalile, imangalē
|
ayimangalanga
|
engamangalanga
|
ingamangalanga
|
Class 10
|
zimangalile, zimangalē
|
ezimangalile, ezimangalē
|
zimangalile, zimangalē
|
azimangalanga
|
ezingamangalanga
|
zingamangalanga
|
Class 11
|
lumangalile, lumangalē
|
olumangalile, olumangalē
|
lumangalile, lumangalē
|
alumangalanga
|
olungamangalanga
|
lungamangalanga
|
Class 14
|
bumangalile, bumangalē
|
obumangalile, obumangalē
|
bumangalile, bumangalē
|
abumangalanga
|
obungamangalanga
|
bungamangalanga
|
Class 15
|
kumangalile, kumangalē
|
okumangalile, okumangalē
|
kumangalile, kumangalē
|
akumangalanga
|
okungamangalanga
|
kungamangalanga
|
Class 17
|
kumangalile, kumangalē
|
okumangalile, okumangalē
|
kumangalile, kumangalē
|
akumangalanga
|
okungamangalanga
|
kungamangalanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngāmangala
|
engāmangala
|
ngāmangala
|
angimangalanga
|
engingamangalanga
|
ngingamangalanga
|
2nd singular
|
wāmangala
|
owāmangala
|
wāmangala
|
awumangalanga
|
ongamangalanga
|
ungamangalanga
|
1st plural
|
sāmangala
|
esāmangala
|
sāmangala
|
asimangalanga
|
esingamangalanga
|
singamangalanga
|
2nd plural
|
nāmangala
|
enāmangala
|
nāmangala
|
animangalanga
|
eningamangalanga
|
ningamangalanga
|
Class 1
|
wāmangala
|
owāmangala
|
āmangala
|
akamangalanga
|
ongamangalanga
|
engamangalanga
|
Class 2
|
bāmangala
|
abāmangala
|
bāmangala
|
abamangalanga
|
abangamangalanga
|
bengamangalanga
|
Class 3
|
wāmangala
|
owāmangala
|
wāmangala
|
awumangalanga
|
ongamangalanga
|
ungamangalanga
|
Class 4
|
yāmangala
|
eyāmangala
|
yāmangala
|
ayimangalanga
|
engamangalanga
|
ingamangalanga
|
Class 5
|
lāmangala
|
elāmangala
|
lāmangala
|
alimangalanga
|
elingamangalanga
|
lingamangalanga
|
Class 6
|
āmangala
|
āmangala
|
āmangala
|
awamangalanga
|
angamangalanga
|
engamangalanga
|
Class 7
|
sāmangala
|
esāmangala
|
sāmangala
|
asimangalanga
|
esingamangalanga
|
singamangalanga
|
Class 8
|
zāmangala
|
ezāmangala
|
zāmangala
|
azimangalanga
|
ezingamangalanga
|
zingamangalanga
|
Class 9
|
yāmangala
|
eyāmangala
|
yāmangala
|
ayimangalanga
|
engamangalanga
|
ingamangalanga
|
Class 10
|
zāmangala
|
ezāmangala
|
zāmangala
|
azimangalanga
|
ezingamangalanga
|
zingamangalanga
|
Class 11
|
lwāmangala
|
olwāmangala
|
lwāmangala
|
alumangalanga
|
olungamangalanga
|
lungamangalanga
|
Class 14
|
bāmangala
|
obāmangala
|
bāmangala
|
abumangalanga
|
obungamangalanga
|
bungamangalanga
|
Class 15
|
kwāmangala
|
okwāmangala
|
kwāmangala
|
akumangalanga
|
okungamangalanga
|
kungamangalanga
|
Class 17
|
kwāmangala
|
okwāmangala
|
kwāmangala
|
akumangalanga
|
okungamangalanga
|
kungamangalanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingamangala
|
—
|
ngingamangala
|
ngingemangale
|
—
|
ngingemangale
|
2nd singular
|
ungamangala
|
—
|
ungamangala
|
ungemangale
|
—
|
ungemangale
|
1st plural
|
singamangala
|
—
|
singamangala
|
singemangale
|
—
|
singemangale
|
2nd plural
|
ningamangala
|
—
|
ningamangala
|
ningemangale
|
—
|
ningemangale
|
Class 1
|
angamangala
|
—
|
engamangala
|
angemangale
|
—
|
engemangale
|
Class 2
|
bangamangala
|
—
|
bengamangala
|
bangemangale
|
—
|
bengemangale
|
Class 3
|
ungamangala
|
—
|
ungamangala
|
ungemangale
|
—
|
ungemangale
|
Class 4
|
ingamangala
|
—
|
ingamangala
|
ingemangale
|
—
|
ingemangale
|
Class 5
|
lingamangala
|
—
|
lingamangala
|
lingemangale
|
—
|
lingemangale
|
Class 6
|
angamangala
|
—
|
engamangala
|
angemangale
|
—
|
engemangale
|
Class 7
|
singamangala
|
—
|
singamangala
|
singemangale
|
—
|
singemangale
|
Class 8
|
zingamangala
|
—
|
zingamangala
|
zingemangale
|
—
|
zingemangale
|
Class 9
|
ingamangala
|
—
|
ingamangala
|
ingemangale
|
—
|
ingemangale
|
Class 10
|
zingamangala
|
—
|
zingamangala
|
zingemangale
|
—
|
zingemangale
|
Class 11
|
lungamangala
|
—
|
lungamangala
|
lungemangale
|
—
|
lungemangale
|
Class 14
|
bungamangala
|
—
|
bungamangala
|
bungemangale
|
—
|
bungemangale
|
Class 15
|
kungamangala
|
—
|
kungamangala
|
kungemangale
|
—
|
kungemangale
|
Class 17
|
kungamangala
|
—
|
kungamangala
|
kungemangale
|
—
|
kungemangale
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizomangala
|
engizomangala
|
ngizomangala
|
angizumangala
|
engingezumangala
|
ngingezumangala
|
2nd singular
|
uzomangala
|
ozomangala
|
uzomangala
|
awuzumangala
|
ongezumangala
|
ungezumangala
|
1st plural
|
sizomangala
|
esizomangala
|
sizomangala
|
asizumangala
|
esingezumangala
|
singezumangala
|
2nd plural
|
nizomangala
|
enizomangala
|
nizomangala
|
anizumangala
|
eningezumangala
|
ningezumangala
|
Class 1
|
uzomangala
|
ozomangala
|
ezomangala
|
akazumangala
|
ongezumangala
|
engezumangala
|
Class 2
|
bazomangala
|
abazomangala
|
bezomangala
|
abazumangala
|
abangezumangala
|
bengezumangala
|
Class 3
|
uzomangala
|
ozomangala
|
uzomangala
|
awuzumangala
|
ongezumangala
|
ungezumangala
|
Class 4
|
izomangala
|
ezomangala
|
izomangala
|
ayizumangala
|
engezumangala
|
ingezumangala
|
Class 5
|
lizomangala
|
elizomangala
|
lizomangala
|
alizumangala
|
elingezumangala
|
lingezumangala
|
Class 6
|
azomangala
|
azomangala
|
ezomangala
|
awazumangala
|
angezumangala
|
engezumangala
|
Class 7
|
sizomangala
|
esizomangala
|
sizomangala
|
asizumangala
|
esingezumangala
|
singezumangala
|
Class 8
|
zizomangala
|
ezizomangala
|
zizomangala
|
azizumangala
|
ezingezumangala
|
zingezumangala
|
Class 9
|
izomangala
|
ezomangala
|
izomangala
|
ayizumangala
|
engezumangala
|
ingezumangala
|
Class 10
|
zizomangala
|
ezizomangala
|
zizomangala
|
azizumangala
|
ezingezumangala
|
zingezumangala
|
Class 11
|
luzomangala
|
oluzomangala
|
luzomangala
|
aluzumangala
|
olungezumangala
|
lungezumangala
|
Class 14
|
buzomangala
|
obuzomangala
|
buzomangala
|
abuzumangala
|
obungezumangala
|
bungezumangala
|
Class 15
|
kuzomangala
|
okuzomangala
|
kuzomangala
|
akuzumangala
|
okungezumangala
|
kungezumangala
|
Class 17
|
kuzomangala
|
okuzomangala
|
kuzomangala
|
akuzumangala
|
okungezumangala
|
kungezumangala
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyomangala
|
engiyomangala
|
ngiyomangala
|
angiyumangala
|
engingeyumangala
|
ngingeyumangala
|
2nd singular
|
uyomangala
|
oyomangala
|
uyomangala
|
awuyumangala
|
ongeyumangala
|
ungeyumangala
|
1st plural
|
siyomangala
|
esiyomangala
|
siyomangala
|
asiyumangala
|
esingeyumangala
|
singeyumangala
|
2nd plural
|
niyomangala
|
eniyomangala
|
niyomangala
|
aniyumangala
|
eningeyumangala
|
ningeyumangala
|
Class 1
|
uyomangala
|
oyomangala
|
eyomangala
|
akayumangala
|
ongeyumangala
|
engeyumangala
|
Class 2
|
bayomangala
|
abayomangala
|
beyomangala
|
abayumangala
|
abangeyumangala
|
bengeyumangala
|
Class 3
|
uyomangala
|
oyomangala
|
uyomangala
|
awuyumangala
|
ongeyumangala
|
ungeyumangala
|
Class 4
|
iyomangala
|
eyomangala
|
iyomangala
|
ayiyumangala
|
engeyumangala
|
ingeyumangala
|
Class 5
|
liyomangala
|
eliyomangala
|
liyomangala
|
aliyumangala
|
elingeyumangala
|
lingeyumangala
|
Class 6
|
ayomangala
|
ayomangala
|
eyomangala
|
awayumangala
|
angeyumangala
|
engeyumangala
|
Class 7
|
siyomangala
|
esiyomangala
|
siyomangala
|
asiyumangala
|
esingeyumangala
|
singeyumangala
|
Class 8
|
ziyomangala
|
eziyomangala
|
ziyomangala
|
aziyumangala
|
ezingeyumangala
|
zingeyumangala
|
Class 9
|
iyomangala
|
eyomangala
|
iyomangala
|
ayiyumangala
|
engeyumangala
|
ingeyumangala
|
Class 10
|
ziyomangala
|
eziyomangala
|
ziyomangala
|
aziyumangala
|
ezingeyumangala
|
zingeyumangala
|
Class 11
|
luyomangala
|
oluyomangala
|
luyomangala
|
aluyumangala
|
olungeyumangala
|
lungeyumangala
|
Class 14
|
buyomangala
|
obuyomangala
|
buyomangala
|
abuyumangala
|
obungeyumangala
|
bungeyumangala
|
Class 15
|
kuyomangala
|
okuyomangala
|
kuyomangala
|
akuyumangala
|
okungeyumangala
|
kungeyumangala
|
Class 17
|
kuyomangala
|
okuyomangala
|
kuyomangala
|
akuyumangala
|
okungeyumangala
|
kungeyumangala
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngimangale
|
ngingamangali
|
2nd singular
|
umangale
|
ungamangali
|
1st plural
|
simangale
|
singamangali
|
2nd plural
|
nimangale
|
ningamangali
|
Class 1
|
amangale
|
angamangali
|
Class 2
|
bamangale
|
bangamangali
|
Class 3
|
umangale
|
ungamangali
|
Class 4
|
imangale
|
ingamangali
|
Class 5
|
limangale
|
lingamangali
|
Class 6
|
amangale
|
angamangali
|
Class 7
|
simangale
|
singamangali
|
Class 8
|
zimangale
|
zingamangali
|
Class 9
|
imangale
|
ingamangali
|
Class 10
|
zimangale
|
zingamangali
|
Class 11
|
lumangale
|
lungamangali
|
Class 14
|
bumangale
|
bungamangali
|
Class 15
|
kumangale
|
kungamangali
|
Class 17
|
kumangale
|
kungamangali
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngamangala
|
ngangamangala, angamangala, angangamangala
|
2nd singular
|
wamangala
|
wangamangala, awamangala, awangamangala
|
1st plural
|
samangala
|
sangamangala, asamangala, asangamangala
|
2nd plural
|
namangala
|
nangamangala, anamangala, anangamangala
|
Class 1
|
wamangala
|
wangamangala, akamangala, akangamangala
|
Class 2
|
bamangala
|
bangamangala, abamangala, abangamangala
|
Class 3
|
wamangala
|
wangamangala, awamangala, awangamangala
|
Class 4
|
yamangala
|
yangamangala, ayamangala, ayangamangala
|
Class 5
|
lamangala
|
langamangala, alamangala, alangamangala
|
Class 6
|
amangala
|
angamangala, awamangala, awangamangala
|
Class 7
|
samangala
|
sangamangala, asamangala, asangamangala
|
Class 8
|
zamangala
|
zangamangala, azamangala, azangamangala
|
Class 9
|
yamangala
|
yangamangala, ayamangala, ayangamangala
|
Class 10
|
zamangala
|
zangamangala, azamangala, azangamangala
|
Class 11
|
lwamangala
|
lwangamangala, alwamangala, alwangamangala
|
Class 14
|
bamangala
|
bangamangala, abamangala, abangamangala
|
Class 15
|
kwamangala
|
kwangamangala, akwamangala, akwangamangala
|
Class 17
|
kwamangala
|
kwangamangala, akwamangala, akwangamangala
|
References