From Proto-Celtic *marnati, from Proto-Indo-European *merh₂-.
marnaid (conjunct ·mairn, verbal noun mrath)
Historically, this verb is expected to belong to present class B IV, as the stem-final n is found only in the present stem, but the palatalization of the rn cluster in the third-person singular present conjunct form ·mairn forms shows that it is in the process of being taken over into another class. In Middle Irish it is often inflected as a weak verb of class A II, as shown by the third-person plural present absolute form mairnit and the third-person singular perfect form ro·mairnestar, in which the n has spread beyond the present tense.
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Abs. | ||||||||
| Conj. | ·mairn | ||||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Imperfect indicative | |||||||||
| Preterite | Abs. | ||||||||
| Conj. | ·mertamar | ||||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | ro·mert | ro·mertatar | ||||||
| Prot. | ·rumart | ||||||||
| Future | Abs. | ·mérthir | |||||||
| Conj. | ·méra | ·mérat | |||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Conditional | ·mérad | ||||||||
| Present subjunctive | Abs. | ||||||||
| Conj. | ·mera | ·romrat (ro-form) | |||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Past subjunctive | ·merad | ||||||||
| Imperative | |||||||||
| Verbal noun | mrath | ||||||||
| Past participle | |||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
| radical | lenition | nasalization |
|---|---|---|
| marnaid also mmarnaid after a proclitic ending in a vowel |
marnaid pronounced with /β̃(ʲ)-/ |
unchanged |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.