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From Proto-Baltic, from Proto-Balto-Slavic*mat-, from Proto-Indo-European*mē-, *m-et-(“to mark, to measure”), whence also Latvianmest(“to throw”) (older meaning “to measure”, from Proto-Indo-European*mē-ti-(“measure, wisdom”)). The original meaning was thus “measure, mark” (a derived meaning of “compensation, payment (for milling grain)” < “amount measured to be given as payment” is attested in older sources and in some dialects). The semantic evolution was “measure” > “body part used as measure unit” > “small measure / small body part used as measure unit” > “hair” (note that human and animal hair (wool) was an ancient small measure unit among many peoples, including ancient Latvians). In some expressions, traces of the earlier meaning of mats as “small measure unit” can still be seen: uzmata(“correct”), matsmatā, neparmatu. Cognates include Lithuanianmãtas(“measure, measure unit”), Russianме́тить(métitʹ, “to mark, to label”), Sanskritमाति(māti), मिमाति(mā́ti, mimā́ti, “to measure”), Albanianmatë(“measure”).[1]
uz ķermeņa, rokām un kājām mati ir maigi, plāni, tos vēl sauc par pūku... uzacu, plakstu mati ir gari, saraini ― on the body, arms and legs hairs are soft (and) thin, they are also called fuzz... eyebrow, eyelid hair (in contrast) is long, stubbly
āpša ādu kažokrūpniecībā maz izmanto, jo mati rupji un cieti ― badger skin is not used much in the fur industry, because (its) hairs are coarse and hard