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From Glover's solmization, from Middle Englishmi(“third degree or note of Guido of Arezzo's hexachordal scales”), Italianmi in the solmization of Guido of Arezzo, from the first syllable of Latinmīra(“miracles; the miraculous”) in the lyrics of the scale-ascending hymn Ut queant laxis by Paulus Deacon.
Ehret, Christopher (2001) A Historical-Comparative Reconstruction of Nilo-Saharan (SUGIA, Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika: Beihefte; 12), Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, →ISBN, →ISSN.
1) Used only as an object of a preposition or a verb. *) Some speakers may not distinguish various plurality categories, using only one or two plural pronouns. **) The collective pronouns specify that the action is performed by all subjects together, rather than on their own.
References
Terry Crowley (2004) Bislama Reference Grammar, Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi press, →ISBN, page 46
This form is an optional reduced form of the imperative mira that can see use when combined with one or more clitic pronouns attached to the end of the verb - for example:
The form meng/ming is used for the neuter when strongly stressed: Dat es ming Jlas!(“That's my glass!”) Contrariwise, the form mi may be used for the masculine and feminine when unstressed, chiefly with words for relatives: mi Papp (“my father”, but less common than menge Papp).
“mi”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
*: Mindeddig/-addig mean “up until this/that point” (= egészeneddig/addig). Csak following relative pronouns expresses “-ever”, e.g. aki csak(“whoever”); is after “any” pronouns emphasizes “no matter”: akármit is(“no matter what”). né-(“some”) forms compounds with few words.
(we):mi in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
(what):mi in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
(mi ):mi in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
From Latinmīra, from the first word of the third line of Ut queant laxis, the medieval hymn which solfège was based on because its lines started on each note of the scale successively.
Noun
mi (first-person possessivemiku, second-person possessivemimu, third-person possessiveminya)
I; we (both singular and plural first-person pronoun, usually not as the object of the verb)
Usage notes
The pronoun mi can be used in both the nominative and accusative case, but it is less common than ma for the latter. When used in possessive constructions, the choice of pronoun is largely determined by vowel harmony.
A. V. Punzhina (1994) “mi”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN
P. Zaykov, L. Rugoyeva (1999) “mi”, in Карельско-Русский словарь (Северно-Карельские диалекты) [Karelian-Russian dictionary (North Karelian dialects)], Petrozavodsk, →ISBN
Courtz, Hendrik (2008) A Carib grammar and dictionary, Toronto: Magoria Books, →ISBN, page 317
Ahlbrinck, Willem (1931) “mi”, in Encyclopaedie der Karaïben, Amsterdam: Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, page 292; republished as Willem Ahlbrinck, Doude van Herwijnen, transl., L'Encyclopédie des Caraïbes, Paris, 1956, page 286
mi in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
Tatjana Boiko (2019) “mi”, in Suuri Karjal-Venʹalaine Sanakniigu (livvin murreh) [The Big Karelian-Russian dictionary (Livvi dialect)], 2nd edition, →ISBN
Some Low German dialects in southern Westphalia differentiate between dative mi and accusative mik.[1][2]
References
^ Charles V. J. Russ (editor): The Dialects of Modern German: A Linguistic survey. First published in 1990, reprinted 2000, page 61, note (e): „ southern Westphalian dialects, alone of the Low German dialects, do distinguish acc. mik and dik from dat. mi and di.“
^ Ein Sohn der rothen Erde (a son of the red earth): Niu lustert mol! Plattdeutsche Erzählungen und Anekdoten im Paderborner Dialekt. Celle, 1870, page 7: „Fürwörter. Die persönlichen lauten: ik, meyner, mey, mik; diu oder du, deyner, dey, dik “. Translation: „Pronouns. The personal pronouns are: ik, (genitive) meyner, (dative) mey, (accusative) mik; diu or du, deyner, dey, dik )“
Desde idade de doze ano ganhá pà unsong vesti; lavá ropa de sua pai, judá cô ancusa pà mi.
From the age of twelve earned money to dress herself; washed her father's clothes helped with something for me.
Usage notes
For the most part, Macanese does not have pronoun inflections (accusative, dative, etc.). The exception is mi, the prepositional form of iou, but even this is extremely rare in modern Macanese. pà mi in the above poem would be pa iou in modern Macanese.
Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Zofia Stamirowska (1987-2024) “my”, in Anna Basara, editor, Słownik gwar Ostródzkiego, Warmii i Mazur, volume 4, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich Wydawnictwo Polskiej Akademii Nauk, →ISBN, page 206
1Used preconsonantally or before h. 2Early or dialectal. 3Dual pronouns are only sporadically found in Early Middle English; after that, they are replaced by plural forms. There are no third-person dual forms in Middle English. 4Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
From Latinmīra, from the first word of the fourth line of Ut queant laxis, the medieval hymn on which solfège was based because its lines started on each note of the scale successively. Through Italian.
1866, chapter X, in Giovanni Spano, transl., L'ebagneliu sigundu S. Matteju [The Gospel according to St. Matthew] (overall work in Italian and Sassarese), London, translation of Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, verse 38, page 37:
E ca no piglia la so’ crozi, e mi sighi, no è dignu di me.
And whoever doesn't take his own cross, and follow me, is not worthy of me.
c.19th century, anonymous author, “”, in Giovanni Spano, editor, Canti popolari in dialetto sassarese, volume 1 (overall work in Italian and Sassarese), Cagliari, published 1873, song 4, page 69:
Nisciunu mi cunsola Nisciunu vibendi n’ha di me firizza
No one consoles me. No one alive is proud of me.
1989, Giovanni Maria Cherchi, “Femmina [Woman]”, in La poesia di l'althri [The poetry of others], Sassari: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, page 21:
Cand’eri giobanedda mi pugnì cument’e mura mura.
When you were young, you used to prickle me like a blackberry
1866, chapter XVIII, in Giovanni Spano, transl., L'ebagneliu sigundu S. Matteju [The Gospel according to St. Matthew] (overall work in Italian and Sassarese), London, translation of Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, verse 28, page 72:
Isciddu però lu silvidori incuntresi un altru silvidori cumpagnu soju, chi li dibia zentu dinà: e affarrenddilu l’affogaba, dizendi: Pagami lu chi mi debi.
Having gone out, however, the servant met another fellow servant, who owed him a hundred denarii; and, grabbing him, he choked him, saying: "Pay what you owe me".
(literally, “Gone out however the servant met another servant fellow of his, who to him owed a hundred denarii: and grabbing him he choked him, saying: Pay me that which to me you owe.”)
c.19th century, anonymous author, “”, in Giovanni Spano, editor, Canti popolari in dialetto sassarese, volume 1 (overall work in Italian and Sassarese), Cagliari, published 1873, song 15, page 89:
Forsi mi dizarè Chi chiddu in lu so fà no ha uguali Nè forsi timarè Ch’ un altru possia fatti tantu mali Ma eju diggu cun dolu Chi tal’ omu in lu mondu no è solu.
Maybe you'll tell me that he, in his actions, has no peers. And maybe you won't fear that someone else might hurt you so much. But I say, pained, that that man is not alone in the world.
1989, Giovanni Maria Cherchi, “Bocca [Mouth]”, in La poesia di l'althri [The poetry of others] (overall work in Italian and Sassarese), Sassari: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, page 25:
O bocca di pizzinna, bocca bedda, chi mi dizì paràuri pruibiddi e chi basgèndimi eri cussì dozzi!
Oh, young woman's lips, beautiful lips, that spoke forbidden words to me, and was so sweet in kissing me!
(literally, “Oh, mouth of girl, beautiful mouth, who to me spoke forbidden words, and that kissing me was so sweet!”)
*)sibh and sibhse also act as the polite singular pronouns. **) To mark a direct object of a verbal noun, the derivatives of gam are used. 1) used when following a verb ending in -n, -s or -dh.
transnewguinea.org, citing D. C. Laycock, Languages of the Lumi Subdistrict (West Sepik District), New Guinea (1968), Oceanic Linguistics, 7 (1): 36-66
The forms mi and mis are only used before and within the noun phrase of the modified noun. In other positions, a form of mío is used instead.
Son mis libros. ― They are my books.
Los libros son míos. ― The books are mine.
Besides being a pronoun, because mi occurs in a noun phrase and expresses reference, it also grammatically classifies as a determiner (specifically a possessive/genitive determiner).
Hoàng Văn Ma, Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Chí (2006) Từ điển Tày-Nùng-Việt [Tay-Nung-Vietnamese dictionary] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Từ điển Bách khoa Hà Nội
Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages, Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
Mi is typically heard only after the preposition i(“to, for”) in formal language and in northern colloquial language. In southern colloquial language the form fi is used after the preposition i.
(North Wales)used with inflected verbs to mark affirmative statements.
Mi werthes i hanner dwsin.
I sold half a dozen.
Usage notes
This particle is optional and may only be used before inflected verbs in the preterite, future or conditional in affirmative statements, e.g. mifyddai'nmynd(“I will go”).
Some speakers may drop the particle but keep the resulting soft mutation, e.g. fyddai'nmynd(“I will go”) instead of byddai'nmynd.
Note: except for yín, object pronouns have a high tone following a low or mid tone monosyllabic verb, and a mid tone following a high tone. For complex verbs, the tone does not change.