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must(unfermented or partially fermented grape juice)
Etymology 3
Adverb
mos
as you already know (see usage notes)
Usage notes
When used as an adverb, mos is used when what is being said is already known (or was known, but perhaps now forgotten) by the listener. For example, if Person A asks Person B, "gaan jy vandag inkopies doen?" (are you going to go shopping today?) and Person B replies, "ja, ek doen mos elke Maandag inkopies" (yes, I go shopping every Monday), then this implies that Person A should already know (or did know at some point, and perhaps forgot) that Person B goes shopping every Monday. If the fact that Person B goes shopping on Mondays was new to Person A, then Person B would reply without using "mos". It is thus also used when making a statement that, while possibly obvious to the listener, is intended to provide context for a following statement.
Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb,or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. mosni fog.
Archaic Preterit
Indef.
mosék
mosál
mosa
mosánk
mosátok
mosának
Def.
mosám
mosád
mosá
mosánk
mosátok
mosák
2nd-p. o.
mosálak
―
Archaic Past
Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt),e.g. mos vala, mosott vala/volt.
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs).
mos in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
From Proto-Italic*mōs, root noun interpreted as s-stem noun of uncertain origin. Generally believed to derive from Proto-Indo-European*moh₁-, *meh₁-(“to intend or be intent upon, to be of strong will”) (though the more common meaning of "to measure" may be the original, with "to intend" as a semantic extension),[1] whence Ancient Greekμαίομαι(maíomai, “to strive”) and perhaps Ancient GreekΜοῦσᾰ(Moûsa, “Muse”), and also Englishmood.
It has also been conjectured that some senses of mōs, such as those having to do with "manner" and "way", may indicate a possible derivation from Proto-Indo-European*med-(“to measure”), compare and contrast modus; if that is true, it would seem to suggest an example of combined etymology or etymologic conflation.
Interfectum esse L. Catilinam et gravissimo supplicio adfectum iam pridem oportebat, idque a me et mos maiorum et huius imperi severitas et res publica postulabat.
Lucius Catilina ought to have suffered the supreme penalty and been put to death long ago, a course required of me by the practice of our ancestors, the stern tradition of my office, and by interests of state.
Ceterum mos partium popularium et factionum ac deinde omnium malarum artium paucis ante annis Romae ortus est otio atque abundantia earum rerum quae prima mortales ducunt.
Furthermore, the usage of political groups and factions, and afterward of all evil practices, originated at Rome a few years before this as the result of peacetime and of an abundance of those things that mortals prize most highly.
Reversus e Graecia Neapolim, quod in ea primum artem protulerat, albis equis introiit disiecta parte muri, ut mos hieronicarum est...
Returning from Greece, since it was at Naples that he had made his first appearance, he entered that city with white horses through a part of the wall which had been thrown down, as is the custom with victors in the sacred games...
...ut triumphaturi Caesares inde laureas decerperent; fuitque mos triumphantibus, alias confestim eodem loco pangere; et observatum est sub cuiusque obitum arborem ab ipso institutam elanguisse.
...moreover it was the habit of those who triumphed to plant other branches at once in that same place, and it was observed that just before the death of each of them the tree which he had planted withered.
Edepol te, mea Antiphila, laudo et fortunatam iudico, id quom studuisti isti formae ut mores consimiles forent...
In heaven’s name, my dear Antiphila, I congratulate you and I judge you fortunate, in that you have made it your concern to see that your temperament matches your beauty...
Vobis cum uno semel ubi aetatem agere decretumst viro, quoius mos maxume consimilis vostrum, hi se ad vos applicant.
With you, on the other hand, once you have decided to live your life with the one man whose disposition is most compatible with yours, they devote themselves to you.
Spondebo enim tibi, vel potius spondeo in meque recipio, eos esse M'. Curii mores eamque quum probitatem, tum etiam humanitatem, ut eum et amicitia tua et tam accurata commendatione, si tibi sit cognitus, dignum sis existimaturus.
I shall pledge my word to you, or rather give you my promise and solemn undertaking, that such is M'. Curius's character, such his integrity and his kindliness combined, that if you make his acquaintance, you will assuredly deem him worthy of both your friendship and of so elaborate a recommendation.
Multa sine dubio saevaque Augustus de moribus adulescentis questus, ut exilium eius senatus consulto sanciretur, perfecerat; ceterum in nullius umquam suorum necem duravit, neque mortem nepoti pro securitate privigni inlatam credibile erat. Propius vero Tiberium ac Liviam, illum metu, hanc novercalibus odiis, suspecti et invisi iuvenis caedem festinavisse. Nuntianti centurioni, ut mos militiae, factum esse quod imperasset, neque imperasse sese et rationem facti reddendam apud senatum respondit.
It was beyond question that by his frequent and bitter strictures on the youth’s character Augustus had procured the senatorial decree for his exile: on the other hand, at no time did he harden his heart to the killing of a relative, and it remained incredible that he should have sacrificed the life of a grandchild in order to diminish the anxieties of a stepson. More probably, Tiberius and Livia, actuated in the one case by fear, and in the other by stepmotherly dislike, hurriedly procured the murder of a youth whom they suspected and detested. To the centurion who brought the usual military report, that his instructions had been carried out, the emperor rejoined that he had given no instructions and the deed would have to be accounted for in the senate.
Ibam forte Via Sacra, sicut meus est mos nescio quid meditans nugarum, totus in illis...
I was strolling by chance along the Sacred Way, a musing after my fashion(literally, as is my custom) on some trifle or other, and wholly intent thereon...
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “mōs, mōris”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 390-1
Further reading
“mos”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“mos”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
mos in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
mos in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
according to the present custom, fashion: his moribus
to comply with a person's wishes; to humour: alicui morem gerere, obsequi
to accomodate oneself to another's wishes: alicuius voluntati morem gerere
to improve a person: mores alicuius corrigere
moral science; ethics: philosophia, quae est de vita et moribus (Acad. 1. 5. 19)
moral science; ethics: philosophia, in qua de bonis rebus et malis, deque hominum vita et moribus disputatur
moral precepts: praecepta de moribus or de virtute
moral corruption (not corruptela morum): mores corrupti or perditi
amongst such moral depravity: tam perditis or corruptis moribus
immorality is daily gaining ground: mores in dies magis labuntur (also with ad, e.g. ad mollitiem)
something is contrary to my moral sense, goes against my principles: aliquid abhorret a meis moribus (opp. insitum est animo or in animo alicuius)
character: natura et mores; vita moresque; indoles animi ingeniique; or simply ingenium, indoles, natura, mores
a sociable, affable disposition: facilitas, faciles mores (De Am. 3. 11)
to become customary, the fashion: in consuetudinem or morem venire
to introduce a thing into our customs; to familiarise us with a thing: in nostros mores inducere aliquid (De Or. 2. 28)
it is customary to..: mos (moris) est, ut (Brut. 21. 84)
(ambiguous) the earth brings forth fruit, crops: terra effert (more rarely fert, but not profert) fruges
c.800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 28c9
Fo·mentar mo rígtin-se; mos riccub-sa.
May you take heed of my arrival; I shall arrive soon.