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Latin
Etymology
From moenia.
Pronunciation
Verb
mūniō (present infinitive mūnīre, perfect active mūnīvī or mūniī, supine mūnītum); fourth conjugation
- to provide with defensive works, fortify
- Synonym: immunīo
27 BCE – 25 BCE,
Titus Livius,
Ab Urbe Condita 29.4:
- mūnīre urbem, frūmentum convehere, tēla arma parāre
- to strengthen the defences of the city, to accumulate stores of corn, to prepare a supply of weapons and armour
- (of natural fortifications)
- to build (as) a fortification
- (of soldiers or sim.) to guard from attack, defend
- to strengthen, secure
- Synonyms: firmō, cōnfirmō, fortificō, cōnsolidō, sistō
- Antonyms: dēterō, atterō, minuō, frangō, tenuō, afficiō
- (transferred sense) to protect with a covering
- (figurative) to safeguard, uphold or buttress (of a person, institution, etc.)
- (figurative) to defend, protect, secure
- Synonyms: prōtegō, dēfendō, tegō, cū̆stōdiō, tūtor, teneō, arceō, servō, adsum
- Antonyms: immineō, īnstō, obiectō
- to build up so as to give a firm surface to, to construct or repair (of a road, other raised areas)
- to provide with a road, make passable
Conjugation
Conjugation of mūniō (fourth conjugation)
|
indicative
|
singular
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plural
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first
|
second
|
third
|
first
|
second
|
third
|
active
|
present
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mūniō
|
mūnīs
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mūnit
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mūnīmus
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mūnītis
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mūniunt
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imperfect
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mūniēbam
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mūniēbās
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mūniēbat
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mūniēbāmus
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mūniēbātis
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mūniēbant
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future
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mūniam
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mūniēs
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mūniet
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mūniēmus
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mūniētis
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mūnient
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perfect
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mūnīvī, mūniī
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mūnīvistī, mūniistī
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mūnīvit, mūniit
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mūnīvimus, mūniimus
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mūnīvistis, mūniistis
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mūnīvērunt, mūnīvēre, mūniērunt, mūniēre
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pluperfect
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mūnīveram, mūnieram
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mūnīverās, mūnierās
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mūnīverat, mūnierat
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mūnīverāmus, mūnierāmus
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mūnīverātis, mūnierātis
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mūnīverant, mūnierant
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future perfect
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mūnīverō, mūnierō
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mūnīveris, mūnieris
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mūnīverit, mūnierit
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mūnīverimus, mūnierimus
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mūnīveritis, mūnieritis
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mūnīverint, mūnierint
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passive
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present
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mūnior
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mūnīris, mūnīre
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mūnītur
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mūnīmur
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mūnīminī
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mūniuntur
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imperfect
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mūniēbar
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mūniēbāris, mūniēbāre
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mūniēbātur
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mūniēbāmur
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mūniēbāminī
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mūniēbantur
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future
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mūniar
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mūniēris, mūniēre
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mūniētur
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mūniēmur
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mūniēminī
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mūnientur
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perfect
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mūnītus + present active indicative of sum
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pluperfect
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mūnītus + imperfect active indicative of sum
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future perfect
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mūnītus + future active indicative of sum
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subjunctive
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singular
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plural
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first
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second
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third
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first
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second
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third
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active
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present
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mūniam
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mūniās
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mūniat
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mūniāmus
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mūniātis
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mūniant
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imperfect
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mūnīrem
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mūnīrēs
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mūnīret
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mūnīrēmus
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mūnīrētis
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mūnīrent
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perfect
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mūnīverim, mūnierim
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mūnīverīs, mūnierīs
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mūnīverit, mūnierit
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mūnīverīmus, mūnierīmus
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mūnīverītis, mūnierītis
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mūnīverint, mūnierint
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pluperfect
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mūnīvissem, mūniissem
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mūnīvissēs, mūniissēs
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mūnīvisset, mūniisset
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mūnīvissēmus, mūniissēmus
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mūnīvissētis, mūniissētis
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mūnīvissent, mūniissent
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passive
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present
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mūniar
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mūniāris, mūniāre
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mūniātur
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mūniāmur
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mūniāminī
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mūniantur
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imperfect
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mūnīrer
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mūnīrēris, mūnīrēre
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mūnīrētur
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mūnīrēmur
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mūnīrēminī
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mūnīrentur
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perfect
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mūnītus + present active subjunctive of sum
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pluperfect
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mūnītus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
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imperative
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singular
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plural
|
first
|
second
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third
|
first
|
second
|
third
|
active
|
present
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—
|
mūnī
|
—
|
—
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mūnīte
|
—
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future
|
—
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mūnītō
|
mūnītō
|
—
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mūnītōte
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mūniuntō
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passive
|
present
|
—
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mūnīre
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—
|
—
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mūnīminī
|
—
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future
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—
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mūnītor
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mūnītor
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—
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—
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mūniuntor
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non-finite forms
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active
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passive
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present
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perfect
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future
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present
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perfect
|
future
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infinitives
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mūnīre
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mūnīvisse, mūniisse
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mūnītūrum esse
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mūnīrī
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mūnītum esse
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mūnītum īrī
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participles
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mūniēns
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—
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mūnītūrus
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—
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mūnītus
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mūniendus, mūniundus
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verbal nouns
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gerund
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supine
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genitive
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dative
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accusative
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ablative
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accusative
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ablative
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mūniendī
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mūniendō
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mūniendum
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mūniendō
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mūnītum
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mūnītū
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Derived terms
Related terms
Descendants
References
“mūniō” on page 1260 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012)
Further reading
- “munio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “munio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- munio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to make a road: viam munire
- to make a fortified, entrenched camp: castra munire
- to fortify the camp with a rampart: castra munire vallo (aggere)