murmurar

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Galician

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese murmurar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), probably borrowed from Latin murmurāre, present active infinitive of murmurō.

Pronunciation

Verb

murmurar (first-person singular present murmuro, first-person singular preterite murmurei, past participle murmurado)

  1. to speak negatively about someone who is not present; to gossip
    Synonym: rexoubar
    • 1886, Antonio Machado y Alvarez, Folk-lore español: Biblioteca de las tradiciones populares españoles ..., page 212:
      Por cantar e estar alegre /nunca se perdeu ninguén /pérdese por marmurar /vidas de xente de ben.
      Singing and having fun /never damned no one /but the lives of good people/ are lost because of gossiping
  2. to murmur, whisper
  3. to mutter, grumble
    Synonym: rosmar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of murmurar
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu) 		Second-person
(ti) 		Third-person
(el / ela / Vde.) 		First-person
(nós) 		Second-person
(vós) 		Third-person
(eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal murmurar
Personal murmurar murmurares murmurar murmurarmos murmurardes murmuraren
Gerund
murmurando
Past participle
Masculine murmurado murmurados
Feminine murmurada murmuradas
Indicative
Present murmuro murmuras murmura murmuramos murmurades murmuran
Imperfect murmuraba murmurabas murmuraba murmurabamos murmurabades murmuraban
Preterite murmurei murmuraches murmurou murmuramos murmurastes murmuraron
Pluperfect murmurara murmuraras murmurara murmuraramos murmurarades murmuraran
Future murmurarei murmurarás murmurará murmuraremos murmuraredes murmurarán
Conditional murmuraría murmurarías murmuraría murmurariamos murmurariades murmurarían
Subjunctive
Present murmure murmures murmure murmuremos murmuredes murmuren
Imperfect murmurase murmurases murmurase murmurásemos murmurásedes murmurasen
Future murmurar murmurares murmurar murmurarmos murmurardes murmuraren
Imperative
Affirmative murmura murmure murmuremos murmurade murmuren
Negative (non) non murmures non murmure non murmuremos non murmuredes non murmuren
    Reintegrated conjugation of murmurar (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu) 		Second-person
(ti / tu) 		Third-person
(ele / ela / você) 		First-person
(nós) 		Second-person
(vós) 		Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal murmurar
Personal murmurar murmurares murmurar murmurarmos murmurardes murmurarem
Gerund
murmurando
Past participle
Masculine murmurado murmurados
Feminine murmurada murmuradas
Indicative
Present murmuro murmuras murmura murmuramos murmurades, murmurais murmuram
Imperfect murmurava murmuravas murmurava murmurávamos murmurávades, murmuráveis, murmurávais1 murmuravam
Preterite murmurei murmuraste, murmurache1 murmurou murmuramos murmurastes murmurárom, murmuraram
Pluperfect murmurara murmuraras murmurara murmuráramos murmurárades, murmuráreis, murmurárais1 murmuraram
Future murmurarei murmurarás murmurará murmuraremos murmuraredes, murmurareis murmurarám, murmurarão
Conditional murmuraria murmurarias murmuraria murmuraríamos murmuraríades, murmuraríeis, murmuraríais1 murmurariam
Subjunctive
Present murmure murmures murmure murmuremos murmuredes, murmureis murmurem
Imperfect murmurasse murmurasses murmurasse murmurássemos murmurássedes, murmurásseis murmurassem
Future murmurar murmurares murmurar murmurarmos murmurardes murmurarem
Imperative
Affirmative murmura murmure murmuremos murmurade, murmurai murmurem
Negative (nom) nom murmures nom murmure nom murmuremos nom murmuredes, nom murmureis nom murmurem

1Less recommended.

Derived terms

Related terms

References

  • “murmurar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
  • “murmur” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
  • “marmurar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
  • “murmurar” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.
  • “murmurar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
  • “murmurar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
  • “murmurar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese murmurar, probably borrowed from Latin murmurāre.

Pronunciation

 
 

  • Hyphenation: mur‧mu‧rar

Verb

murmurar (first-person singular present murmuro, first-person singular preterite murmurei, past participle murmurado)

  1. to murmur, whisper
  2. to mutter, grumble
  3. to ripple
  4. to rustle

Conjugation

    Conjugation of murmurar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu) 		Second-person
(tu) 		Third-person
(ele / ela / você) 		First-person
(nós) 		Second-person
(vós) 		Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal murmurar
Personal murmurar murmurares murmurar murmurarmos murmurardes murmurarem
Gerund
murmurando
Past participle
Masculine murmurado murmurados
Feminine murmurada murmuradas
Indicative
Present murmuro murmuras murmura murmuramos murmurais murmuram
Imperfect murmurava murmuravas murmurava murmurávamos murmuráveis murmuravam
Preterite murmurei murmuraste murmurou murmuramos1, murmurámos2 murmurastes murmuraram
Pluperfect murmurara murmuraras murmurara murmuráramos murmuráreis murmuraram
Future murmurarei murmurarás murmurará murmuraremos murmurareis murmurarão
Conditional murmuraria murmurarias murmuraria murmuraríamos murmuraríeis murmurariam
Subjunctive
Present murmure murmures murmure murmuremos murmureis murmurem
Imperfect murmurasse murmurasses murmurasse murmurássemos murmurásseis murmurassem
Future murmurar murmurares murmurar murmurarmos murmurardes murmurarem
Imperative
Affirmative murmura murmure murmuremos murmurai murmurem
Negative (não) não murmures não murmure não murmuremos não murmureis não murmurem

1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.

Related terms

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish murmurar, borrowed from Latin murmurāre. Cf. also the popular Old Spanish variant mormurar.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /muɾmuˈɾaɾ/
  • Rhymes: -aɾ
  • Syllabification: mur‧mu‧rar

Verb

murmurar (first-person singular present murmuro, first-person singular preterite murmuré, past participle murmurado)

  1. (transitive) to murmur, to mutter
  2. (intransitive) to murmur
  3. (intransitive) to gossip

Conjugation

    Conjugation of murmurar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive murmurar
gerund murmurando
past participle masculine feminine
singular murmurado murmurada
plural murmurados murmuradas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present murmuro murmurastú
murmurásvos 		murmura murmuramos murmuráis murmuran
imperfect murmuraba murmurabas murmuraba murmurábamos murmurabais murmuraban
preterite murmuré murmuraste murmuró murmuramos murmurasteis murmuraron
future murmuraré murmurarás murmurará murmuraremos murmuraréis murmurarán
conditional murmuraría murmurarías murmuraría murmuraríamos murmuraríais murmurarían
subjunctive yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present murmure murmurestú
murmurésvos2 		murmure murmuremos murmuréis murmuren
imperfect
(ra) 		murmurara murmuraras murmurara murmuráramos murmurarais murmuraran
imperfect
(se) 		murmurase murmurases murmurase murmurásemos murmuraseis murmurasen
future1 murmurare murmurares murmurare murmuráremos murmurareis murmuraren
imperative — tú
vos 		usted nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ustedes
affirmative murmuratú
murmurávos 		murmure murmuremos murmurad murmuren
negative no murmures no murmure no murmuremos no murmuréis no murmuren

1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of murmurar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
with infinitive murmurar
dative murmurarme murmurarte murmurarle, murmurarse murmurarnos murmuraros murmurarles, murmurarse
accusative murmurarme murmurarte murmurarlo, murmurarla, murmurarse murmurarnos murmuraros murmurarlos, murmurarlas, murmurarse
with gerund murmurando
dative murmurándome murmurándote murmurándole, murmurándose murmurándonos murmurándoos murmurándoles, murmurándose
accusative murmurándome murmurándote murmurándolo, murmurándola, murmurándose murmurándonos murmurándoos murmurándolos, murmurándolas, murmurándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative murmura
dative murmúrame murmúrate murmúrale murmúranos not used murmúrales
accusative murmúrame murmúrate murmúralo, murmúrala murmúranos not used murmúralos, murmúralas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative murmurá
dative murmurame murmurate murmurale murmuranos not used murmurales
accusative murmurame murmurate murmuralo, murmurala murmuranos not used murmuralos, murmuralas
with formal second-person singular imperative murmure
dative murmúreme not used murmúrele, murmúrese murmúrenos not used murmúreles
accusative murmúreme not used murmúrelo, murmúrela, murmúrese murmúrenos not used murmúrelos, murmúrelas
with first-person plural imperative murmuremos
dative not used murmurémoste murmurémosle murmurémonos murmurémoos murmurémosles
accusative not used murmurémoste murmurémoslo, murmurémosla murmurémonos murmurémoos murmurémoslos, murmurémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative murmurad
dative murmuradme not used murmuradle murmuradnos murmuraos murmuradles
accusative murmuradme not used murmuradlo, murmuradla murmuradnos murmuraos murmuradlos, murmuradlas
with formal second-person plural imperative murmuren
dative murmúrenme not used murmúrenle murmúrennos not used murmúrenles, murmúrense
accusative murmúrenme not used murmúrenlo, murmúrenla murmúrennos not used murmúrenlos, murmúrenlas, murmúrense

Related terms

See also

References

  1. ^ Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1983–1991) Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

Further reading

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