muru
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English
Etymology
Borrowed from Maori.
Noun
muru
- (New Zealand) An act of retaliatory theft among the Maori.
See also
Anagrams
Darkinjung
Pronunciation
Noun
muru
Dharug
Noun
muru
Estonian
Etymology
Possibly from Proto-Finnic *muro, compare dialectal Finnish muro (“chickweed”), Võro muro, moro.
Pronunciation
Noun
muru (genitive muru, partitive muru)
Declension
| Declension of muru (ÕS type 17/elu, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | muru | murud | |
| accusative | nom. | ||
| gen. | muru | ||
| genitive | murude | ||
| partitive | muru | murusid | |
| illative | murru murusse |
murudesse | |
| inessive | murus | murudes | |
| elative | murust | murudest | |
| allative | murule | murudele | |
| adessive | murul | murudel | |
| ablative | murult | murudelt | |
| translative | muruks | murudeks | |
| terminative | muruni | murudeni | |
| essive | muruna | murudena | |
| abessive | muruta | murudeta | |
| comitative | muruga | murudega | |
Further reading
- “muru”, in Eesti keele põhisõnavara sõnastik [Dictionary of Estonian Basic Vocabulary] (in Estonian) (online version, not updated), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2014
- “muru”, in Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
- “muru”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN
- muru in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
Fala
Etymology
From Old Galician-Portuguese muro, from Latin murus, from Latin *moerus, *moiros, from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to fix, to build fortifications or fences, strengthen”).
Pronunciation
Noun
muru m (plural murus)
References
- Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web), 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *muru. Equivalent to mur- + -u, from the same root as murea and murtaa.
Pronunciation
Noun
muru
- crumb
- (colloquial) honey (term of affection)
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:kultanen
Declension
| Inflection of muru (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | muru | murut | |
| genitive | murun | murujen | |
| partitive | murua | muruja | |
| illative | muruun | muruihin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | muru | murut | |
| accusative | nom. | muru | murut |
| gen. | murun | ||
| genitive | murun | murujen | |
| partitive | murua | muruja | |
| inessive | murussa | muruissa | |
| elative | murusta | muruista | |
| illative | muruun | muruihin | |
| adessive | murulla | muruilla | |
| ablative | murulta | muruilta | |
| allative | murulle | muruille | |
| essive | muruna | muruina | |
| translative | muruksi | muruiksi | |
| abessive | murutta | muruitta | |
| instructive | — | muruin | |
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | ||
Derived terms
compounds
Related terms
Further reading
- “muru”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01
Gamilaraay
Noun
muru
Ingrian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *muru, equivalent to murtaa (“to break”) + -u. Cognates include Finnish muru and Estonian muru.
Pronunciation
Noun
muru
- crumb
- 1936, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 10:
- Noistii joka päivä viskoima lavvan päälle muruja, kovasija ja jyvijä.
- They began to throw crumbs, crusts and grain onto the board every day.
- Short for maitomuru (“tyurya”).
Declension
| Declension of muru (type 4/koivu, no gradation, gemination) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | muru | murut |
| genitive | murun | murruin, muruloin |
| partitive | murrua | muruja, muruloja |
| illative | murruu | murrui, muruloihe |
| inessive | murus | muruis, murulois |
| elative | murust | muruist, muruloist |
| allative | murulle | muruille, muruloille |
| adessive | murul | muruil, muruloil |
| ablative | murult | muruilt, muruloilt |
| translative | muruks | muruiks, muruloiks |
| essive | murunna, murruun | muruinna, muruloinna, murruin, muruloin |
| exessive1) | murunt | muruint, muruloint |
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
Synonyms
- (crumb): muro
Derived terms
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 320
Karelian
Pronunciation
Noun
muru (genitive , partitive )
Declension
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Michoacán Mazahua
Noun
muru
Norwegian Nynorsk
Alternative forms
Etymology
Metaphony of Old Norse mǫru, oblique singular forms of mara. Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *marǭ, whence also modern English mare (“evil spirit”).
Noun
muru f (definite singular murua or (defunct) muro, indefinite plural murur, definite plural murune)
- (dialectal or nonstandard since 1917) alternative form of mare (“evil spirit”)
- 1954, Lars M. Fjellstad, “Murua”, in Haugfolk og trollskap, page 18:
- Murua var atterganger etter ugifte kvinnfolk som ikkje hadde hatt mann, sa dei gamle[.]
- The mare the ghost of unmarried womenfolk which never had had a man, said the old ones.
- 1918, Gamalt fraa Numedal, volume 3, Gunleikson, page 24:
- Krøteri var ute for muro, dei med.
- Even the cattle were exposed to the mare-wight.
Usage notes
- This form was the standard form allowed under the scarcely used Midlandsnormalen of 1901, alongside maru. It had the inflected forms muro, murur and murune, in the definite singular, indefinite plural and definite plural respectively. These forms faded into oblivion and were definitely defunct by the spelling reform of 1917.
Polish
Etymology
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
Noun
muru m inan
Sardinian
Etymology
From Latin mūrus. Compare Italian muro.
Noun
muru
Sicilian
Etymology
From Latin mūrus. Compare Italian muro.
Pronunciation
Noun
Veps
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *muru.
Pronunciation
Noun
muru
Inflection
| Inflection of muru (inflection type 1/ilo) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative sing. | muru | ||
| genitive sing. | murun | ||
| partitive sing. | murud | ||
| partitive plur. | muruid | ||
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | muru | murud | |
| accusative | murun | murud | |
| genitive | murun | muruiden | |
| partitive | murud | muruid | |
| essive-instructive | murun | muruin | |
| translative | muruks | muruikš | |
| inessive | murus | muruiš | |
| elative | muruspäi | muruišpäi | |
| illative | muruhu | muruihe | |
| adessive | murul | muruil | |
| ablative | murulpäi | muruilpäi | |
| allative | murule | muruile | |
| abessive | muruta | muruita | |
| comitative | murunke | muruidenke | |
| prolative | murudme | muruidme | |
| approximative I | murunno | muruidenno | |
| approximative II | murunnoks | muruidennoks | |
| egressive | murunnopäi | muruidennopäi | |
| terminative I | muruhusai | muruihesai | |
| terminative II | murulesai | muruilesai | |
| terminative III | murussai | — | |
| additive I | muruhupäi | muruihepäi | |
| additive II | murulepäi | muruilepäi | |
References
- Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “крошка”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika
Votic
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *muru.
Pronunciation
Noun
muru
- small piece, bit, morsel
- crumb
- sop, milksop (bread sopped in water or milk)
- (figuratively) (not) one bit
Inflection
| Declension of muru (type II/võrkko, no gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | muru | murud |
| genitive | muru | murujõ, murui |
| partitive | murrua | muruitõ, murui |
| illative | murrusõ, murru | muruisõ |
| inessive | muruz | muruiz |
| elative | murussõ | muruissõ |
| allative | murulõ | muruilõ |
| adessive | murullõ | muruillõ |
| ablative | murultõ | muruiltõ |
| translative | murussi | muruissi |
| *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive. | ||
References
- Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “muru”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn
Yagara
Noun
muru
- Alternative form of muro.
References
- State Library of Queensland, Indigenous Language Wordlists Yugarabul Body Parts.