nôm

Eastern Mnong

Etymology

From Proto-Bahnaric *ʔnoːm (“urine; to urinate”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *n₁uum ~ *kn₁uum (“urine; to urinate”). Cognate with Mon ဏမ် (nom, “urine”), Khmer នោម (noom, “urine; to urinate”) and Semai nòòm (“urine”).

Verb

nôm

1. to urinate

Macanese

Alternative forms

• nom, nóm, nâm

Etymology

Ultimately from Old Galician-Portuguese non; compare Galician nom, non. Alternative form nâm derives from Portuguese não. Sense 2 however is a calque of Cantonese 唔; quêro nôm-quêro, as in the collocation, can be directly translated from Cantonese 想唔想 (“do you want”, literally “want not want”); compare also Malaysian and Singaporean English or not.

Adverb

nôm

1. not, do not, have not

   Iou nôm têm sapeca ― I don't have cash

   Iou nôm sabe úndi já rafundí iou-sua ôclo

   I don't know where I put my glasses

   Ilôtro nôm têm vegónha

   They have no shame

   (literally, “They don't have shame”)

3. or not (used between two of the same verb)

   Vôs quêro nôm-quêro comprâ? ― Do you want to buy or not?

Usage notes

• May or may not be written appended to the following verb using a hyphen, e.g. nôm-têm rather than nôm têm, but this is ultimately stylistic and depends on the writer. The specific usage with nôm-têm may be inspired by Cantonese 冇, considered by some to be a combination of 無／无 (“not; nothing”) and 有 (“have”).
• Not used in Macanese as a negative response to a question. For questions pertaining to the past and present, nunca is used; for questions pertaining to the future, nádi is used.

Derived terms

• nôm mestê, nomestê
• nôm têm nada (“nothing special; it's not important; no problem, you're welcome”)

References

• https://www.macaneselibrary.org/pub/english/uipatua.htm

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key):
• (Huế) IPA^(key):
• (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key):
• Homophone: Nôm

Adjective

nôm

1. Pronunciation spelling of nam, representing Quảng Nam and Quảng Ngãi Vietnamese.

   Quảng Nôm

   Quảng Nam

Derived terms

Anagrams

• môn