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Egyptian
Pronunciation
Verb
3-lit.
- (transitive) to cut
Inflection
Conjugation of nšm (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: nšm, geminated stem: nšmm
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
nšm
|
nšmw, nšm
|
nšmt
|
nšm
|
nšm
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
nšm
|
ḥr nšm
|
m nšm
|
r nšm
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
nšm.n
|
nšmw, nšm
|
consecutive
|
nšm.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
nšmt
|
| perfective3
|
nšm
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
nšm.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
nšm
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
nšm
|
nšmm
|
potentialis1
|
nšm.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
nšm
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
nšm.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
nšm
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
nšm
|
nšm, nšmw5, nšmy5
|
| imperfective
|
nšm, nšmy, nšmw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
nšm, nšmj6, nšmy6
|
nšm, nšmw5
|
| prospective
|
nšm, nšmtj7
|
—
|
nšmtj4, nšmt4
|
- Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
- Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
- Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
- Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
- Only in the masculine singular.
- Only in the masculine.
- Only in the feminine.
|
Derived terms
References
- James P Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 158.
