na-

Borrowed from Persian ناـ (nâ-).

IPA^(key):

na- (rarely productive)

1. un-, non-, in-

   Synonym: qeyri-

   ‎na- + ‎tamam (“complete”) → ‎natamam (“incomplete”)

2. -less

   Synonym: -siz

   ‎na- + ‎ümid (“hope”) → ‎naümid (“hopeless”)

• n-

From Proto-Oceanic *na.

na-

1. The noun article. Added to nouns and verb stems to affirm nominal use. Has an element of definiteness. Also used in derivation.

• Big Nambas Grammar Pacific Linguistics - G.J. Fox

• IPA^(key): /ná/

ná-

1. Prefixed to a traditional Chewa clan name to denote a woman belonging to that clan.

na-

1. third person plural agent marker

• Swintha Danielsen, Tania Granadillo, Agreement in two Arawak languages, in The Typology of Semantic Alignment (edited by Mark Donohue, Søren Wichmann) (2008, →ISBN, page 398

Inherited from Old Czech na-, from Proto-Slavic *na-. Doublet of ná-. From the preposition na.

• IPA^(key):

na-

1. a prefix, often used where English would use a phrasal verb with on
2. (as an imperfective verb) (often used with se) intensification: added to mean a lot

   ‎na- + ‎představovat se (“present onself”) → ‎napředstavovat se (“present oneself many times”)

• na- in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

Derived from the preposition na

• Audio:

  (file)

na-

1. after

voor-

• IPA^(key): /na-/

na-

1. male prefix added onto human words.

• ngal-

• Steven and Narelle Etherington, Kunwinjku Kunwok: A Short Introduction to Kunwinjku Language and Society (third edition, 1998)

na- (Kur-itan spelling ᜈ)

1. forms adjectives indicating a quality

   ‎na- + ‎dalus (“cleanliness”) → ‎nadalus (“clean”)

na-

1. third person singular nominative proclitic

• IPA^(key):

na- (nominative proclitic, Lontara spelling ᨊ)

1. he, she, it, they (third person singular and plural)

From Proto-Torres-Banks *na, from Proto-Oceanic *na (“noun article”).

na-

1. a, the (singular article for common nouns)

• When followed by a noun starting with a vowel, the vowel of na- is elided:

na- +‎ ēm̄ → nēm̄ (“house”)

• When followed by a noun starting with a single consonant, na- normally changes its vowel to a clone of the vowel in the next syllable:

na- +‎ bē → nēbē (“water”)

na- +‎ vinhe → nivinhe (“bamboo”)

• When followed by a noun starting with two underlying consonants, na- normally remains unchanged:

na- +‎ l(ō)qōvēn → nalqōvēn (“woman”)

• General determiner; does not encode definiteness.
• Forms the determinate form of most nouns.
• For referents, the number value is singular, contrasting with dual yoge, trial tēlge, plural ige.

nalqōvēn (“a woman”)

— opp. yoge lōqōvēn (“two women”), tēlge lōqōvēn (“three women”), ige lōqōvēn (“women”).

• For referents, the number value of the article is unspecified.

nēbē (“water”)

nēm̄ (“a house, houses; the house, the houses”)

• François, Alexandre. 2005. A typological overview of Mwotlap, an Oceanic language of Vanuatu. Linguistic typology 9 (1): 115–146. DOI:10.1515/lity.2005.9.1.115.
• François, Alexandre. 2007. Noun articles in Torres and Banks languages: Conservation and innovation. In Siegel, Jeff; Lynch, John; Eades, Diana (eds.), Language Description, History and Development: Linguistic indulgence in memory of Terry Crowley, 313–326. (Creole Language Library 30) Amsterdam: Benjamins.

na-

1. Marks the continuative aspect, describing actions that take place over an indefinite time and move without a fixed direction or goal. Can also be translated as 'around about, here and there,' and is sometimes referred to as an atelic prefix.

   ‎na- + ‎-nish (“work”) → ‎naalnish (“have a job, work”)

• This prefix is realized as ni- before the fourth-person prefix ji-, the distributive plural prefix da-, and all of the si- perfective prefixes except s/z-: nijiné (“someone is playing”), not *najiné, and nidajiné (“some people are playing”), not *nadajiné.

na-

1. Marks the diversitative aspect on certain verbs, indicating action taking place in multiple places ("here and there") without taking place over a specific period of time

na-

2. Verbal derivational prefix meaning across

na-

2. Verbal derivational prefix meaning downward, down from a height

• Young, Robert W & William Morgan, Sr. The Navajo Language. A Grammar and Colloquial Dictionary. University of New Mexico Press. Albuquerque, NM: 1987.

From nā.

• IPA^(key): /nɑː/

nā-

1. Denotes absence or lack

• nān-
• nāhwæþer
• nāwiht

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na-.

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /na(ː)/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /na/, /nɒ/

na-

1. added to verbs to make them perfective

   ‎na- + ‎pisać → ‎napisać

2. added to verbs to mean onto

   ‎na- + ‎łożyć → ‎nałożyć

3. added to verbs to with various meanings

   ‎na- + ‎mówić → ‎namówić

• Polish: na-

Inherited from Old Polish na-. Doublet of ana-.

• IPA^(key): /na/
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification:

na-

1. added to verbs to make them perfective

   ‎na- + ‎pisać → ‎napisać

2. added to verbs to mean onto

   ‎na- + ‎łożyć → ‎nałożyć

3. added to verbs to with various meanings

   ‎na- + ‎mówić → ‎namówić

From Proto-Slavic *na-. Prefixed form of the preposition na.

• IPA^(key): /na-/

na-

1. Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:
   1. (no change in meaning)

      ‎na- + ‎pisáti (“to write”) → ‎napisáti (“to write”)

   2. onto, into

      ‎na- + ‎líti (“to pour”) → ‎nalíti (“to pour in”)

   3. a little, to begin to

      ‎na- + ‎krivīti (“to bend”) → ‎nakrivīti (“to bend a little”)

      ‎na- + ‎gníti (“to rot”) → ‎nagníti (“to begin to rot”)

   4. enough of, a sufficient amount of

      ‎na- + ‎cepīti (“to chop”) → ‎nacepīti (“to chop enough of”)

   5. (reflexive) excessively, thoroughly

      ‎na- + ‎píti (“to drink”) → ‎napíti (“to drink one's fill, get drunk”)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na-.

• IPA^(key): /na/

na-

1. added to verbs to make them perfective, often meaning "to do X verb much or enough"

   ‎na- + ‎ochac → ‎naochac

na-

1. Contraction of ni- + -a-.
2. Contraction of ni- + -na-.

   Synonym: nina-

• (Standard Tagalog)
  • IPA^(key): /na/ (complete aspect prefix)
  • IPA^(key): /ˈna/ (progressive aspect prefix)
• Syllabification: na-

na- (Baybayin spelling ᜈ)

1. used to form complete aspects of verbs prefixed with ma-

ná- (Baybayin spelling ᜈ)

1. (dialectal) used to form progressive aspects of verbs prefixed with um- or infixed with -um-

• The dialectal prefix, when written, is generally a source of confusion and mockery for the majority of Tagalog speakers, but the two actually differ by pronunciation. The na-, where it indicates a perfective aspect, is pronounced without stress, while the na- prefix, where it indicates a progressive aspect in some dialects, is pronounced with stress.

  Nakain siya ng isda.

  He/She happened to be eaten by the fish.

  Nákain siya ng isda.

  He/She is eating fish.

• -an

na-

1. first-person plural inclusive possessive prefix, our

   Synonym: nga-

2. second-person plural possessive prefix, your

   Synonym: nia-

3. (human) third-person plural possessive prefix, their

   Synonym: nga-

• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ناـ (nâ-), from Persian ناـ (nâ-).

na- (rarely productive)

1. un-, non-, in-

   Synonym: gayri-

   ‎na- + ‎tamam (“complete”) → ‎natamam (“incomplete”)

2. -less

   Synonym: -siz

   ‎na- + ‎ümit (“hope”) → ‎naümit (“hopeless”)

Cognate with Ternate na- (“our”).

• IPA^(key): /n̪a/

na-

1. first-person plural inclusive possessive prefix, our

The possessive prefix na- is subject to West Makian vowel harmony, and as such may surface as ne-, ni-, or no-.

• ne-, ni-, no-

• IPA^(key): /na/

na-

1. second-person singular clitic, you

   noco ― you see

The prefix na- follows West Makian vowel harmony, and as such may surface as ne-, ni-, no-, or nu-.

• ne-, ni-, no-, nu-

• Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎, Pacific linguistics

na-

1. with, in company of
2. (with subject concord) to have

na-

1. and (joining individual words)

• IPA^(key): /nʱa/

na-

1. with, in company of
2. (with subject concord) to have

The meaning "have" can be analysed more literally as "to be with". In the negative, a- is prefixed to the subject concord, and the initial vowel of the noun prefix is dropped:

• Nginekati. ― I have a cat.
• Anginakati. ― I don't have a cat.

na-

1. and (joining individual words)

   Synonym: futhi

2. also, too

   Synonym: futhi

3. even (implying an extreme example)

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “na-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “na-”