na- (atelic, circuital) + -z- (si-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tį́ (neuter perfective stem of root -TĮ́, “to handle an animate object”).
naaztį́
This verb refers to multiple subjects. For a single subject, use the verb sitį́.
The stem used for subjects acting separately is different from the stem used for subjects lying in pairs or in groups. For two subjects together, see naazhtéézh; for three or more subjects together, see naazhjééʼ.
This is a neuter verb that uses only the perfective mode.
Paradigm: Neuter perfective (si).
| PERFECTIVE | singular | duoplural | plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | — | nisiitį́ | ndasiitį́ |
| 2nd person | — | nisootį́ | ndasootį́ |
| 3rd person | naaztį́ | ndaaztį́ | |
| 4th person | nijiztį́ | ndajiztį́ | |
| Navajo Classificatory Themes | Plural objects lie around (Handle stem) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Class | Examples | Handle | Propel | Moves | ||
| SRO | generic | ∅-ʼĄ́ | ∅-NEʼ | l-TSʼID | naazʼą́ | |
| SFO | rope; pairs; unknown; conglomerate |
∅-LÁ | ł / ∅ -DÉÉL | naazlá | ||
| FFO | sheet, paper | ł-TSOOZ | ∅-ʼAH | ∅-NAʼ | naastsooz | |
| SSO | stick, pole | ∅-TĄ́ | ł-TʼEʼ | ∅-KĘ́Ę́Z | naaztą́ | |
| AnO | animate, doll | ł-TĮ́ | ∅-GOʼ | ∅-TŁIZH | naaztį́ | |
| NCM | wig, hay; fog | ł / ł / ∅ -JOOL | naazhjool | |||
| MM | butter; frog | ∅-TŁÉÉʼ | ł-YĘ́Ę́ZH | naaztłééʼ | ||
| LPB | load, burden | ∅-YĮ́ | naazyį́ | |||
| PlO1 | severality | ∅-NIL | ni-∅ | -DEEʼ | naaznil | |
| PlO2 | profusion | ∅-JAAʼ | ł-KAAD | ∅-KAAD | naazhjaaʼ | |
| OC | severality/profusion in a container |
∅-KĄ́ | ł-DÁÁZ | naazką́ | ||
| Flat | toppled wall, blanket, bushes |
— | — | — | naazkaad | |
| Bulk | boulder | ł-ZHÓÓD | — | l-ZHÓÓD | naazhóód | |
| Stream | liquid, sand, dust | ∅-ZIID | — | — | naaziid | |
| Navajo Positional Themes | Plural objects in position (Intrans. Neuter) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Position | Number of participants |
Intransitive | Transitive | Root | |||
| Active | Neuter | Active | Neuter | ||||
| LIE | 1 | ni-∅- | ∅- | ni-ł- | ł- | -TĮ́ | naaztį́ |
| 2 | -TÉÉZH | naazhtéézh | |||||
| 3+ | -JÉÉʼ | naazhjééʼ | |||||
| SIT | 1 | ni-∅- | ∅- | ni-ł- | ł- | -DÁ | naazdá |
| 2 | -KÉ | naazké | |||||
| 3+ | dini-∅ | hí-(-TĄ́) | dini-ł | — | -BIN | naháaztą́ | |
| STAND | 1 | ni-∅- | ∅- | ni-ł- | ł- | -ZĮʼ | naazį́ |