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nazwisko. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
nazwisko, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
nazwisko in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
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Polish
Etymology
From nazwać (“to call”) + -isko (“place-forming suffix”).[1] The use of the place suffix is due to the fact that last names used to be based on one's city of origin or residence.[2] First attested in 1559.[3] Compare Kashubian nôzwëstkò, Ukrainian на́звисько (názvysʹko), and Silesian nazwisko.
Pronunciation
Noun
nazwisko n (related adjective nazwiskowy)
- surname, last name (name a person shares with other members of that person's family, distinguished from that person's given name(s); a family name)
- Synonym: godność
- Coordinate term: imię
- mieć na nazwisko ― to be called (literally, “to have as a surname”)
- name (person famous or an authority in some field)
- (obsolete) name (that by which someone calls something)
- Synonyms: miano, nazwa, określenie
- (Middle Polish) nickname (term that is not the real name for something)
- Synonym: przezwisko
Declension
Derived terms
Trivia
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), nazwisko is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 15 times in scientific texts, 17 times in news, 18 times in essays, 24 times in fiction, and 19 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 93 times, making it the 680th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[4]
References
- ^ Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “zwać”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- ^ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “nazwisko”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- ^ Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “nazwisko”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “nazwisko”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 278
Further reading
- nazwisko in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- nazwisko in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “nazwisko”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “nazwisko”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1904), “nazwisko”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 3, Warsaw, page 238