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Old Frisian
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *nanþijaną.
Pronunciation
Verb
nētha
- (transitive) to risk
References
- Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN
Pali
Alternative scripts
- 𑀦𑁂𑀣 (Brahmi script)
- नेथ (Devanagari script)
- নেথ (Bengali script)
- නෙථ (Sinhalese script)
- နေထ or ၼေထ (Burmese script)
- เนถ or เนถะ (Thai script)
- ᨶᩮᨳ (Tai Tham script)
- ເນຖ or ເນຖະ (Lao script)
- នេថ (Khmer script)
- 𑄚𑄬𑄗 (Chakma script)
Verb
netha
- present/imperative active second-person plural of neti (“to lead”)
Zulu
Verb
-netha?
- (intransitive) to be wet
Inflection
Tone unknown
|
Infinitive
|
ukunetha
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukunetha
|
ukunganethi
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
netha
|
-nethe
|
Plural
|
nethani
|
-netheni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyanetha, nginetha
|
enginethayo, enginetha
|
nginetha
|
anginethi
|
enginganethi
|
nginganethi
|
2nd singular
|
uyanetha, unetha
|
onethayo, onetha
|
unetha
|
awunethi
|
onganethi
|
unganethi
|
1st plural
|
siyanetha, sinetha
|
esinethayo, esinetha
|
sinetha
|
asinethi
|
esinganethi
|
singanethi
|
2nd plural
|
niyanetha, ninetha
|
eninethayo, eninetha
|
ninetha
|
aninethi
|
eninganethi
|
ninganethi
|
Class 1
|
uyanetha, unetha
|
onethayo, onetha
|
enetha
|
akanethi
|
onganethi
|
enganethi
|
Class 2
|
bayanetha, banetha
|
abanethayo, abanetha
|
benetha
|
abanethi
|
abanganethi
|
benganethi
|
Class 3
|
uyanetha, unetha
|
onethayo, onetha
|
unetha
|
awunethi
|
onganethi
|
unganethi
|
Class 4
|
iyanetha, inetha
|
enethayo, enetha
|
inetha
|
ayinethi
|
enganethi
|
inganethi
|
Class 5
|
liyanetha, linetha
|
elinethayo, elinetha
|
linetha
|
alinethi
|
elinganethi
|
linganethi
|
Class 6
|
ayanetha, anetha
|
anethayo, anetha
|
enetha
|
awanethi
|
anganethi
|
enganethi
|
Class 7
|
siyanetha, sinetha
|
esinethayo, esinetha
|
sinetha
|
asinethi
|
esinganethi
|
singanethi
|
Class 8
|
ziyanetha, zinetha
|
ezinethayo, ezinetha
|
zinetha
|
azinethi
|
ezinganethi
|
zinganethi
|
Class 9
|
iyanetha, inetha
|
enethayo, enetha
|
inetha
|
ayinethi
|
enganethi
|
inganethi
|
Class 10
|
ziyanetha, zinetha
|
ezinethayo, ezinetha
|
zinetha
|
azinethi
|
ezinganethi
|
zinganethi
|
Class 11
|
luyanetha, lunetha
|
olunethayo, olunetha
|
lunetha
|
alunethi
|
olunganethi
|
lunganethi
|
Class 14
|
buyanetha, bunetha
|
obunethayo, obunetha
|
bunetha
|
abunethi
|
obunganethi
|
bunganethi
|
Class 15
|
kuyanetha, kunetha
|
okunethayo, okunetha
|
kunetha
|
akunethi
|
okunganethi
|
kunganethi
|
Class 17
|
kuyanetha, kunetha
|
okunethayo, okunetha
|
kunetha
|
akunethi
|
okunganethi
|
kunganethi
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
nginethile, nginethē
|
enginethile, enginethē
|
nginethile, nginethē
|
anginethanga
|
enginganethanga
|
nginganethanga
|
2nd singular
|
unethile, unethē
|
onethile, onethē
|
unethile, unethē
|
awunethanga
|
onganethanga
|
unganethanga
|
1st plural
|
sinethile, sinethē
|
esinethile, esinethē
|
sinethile, sinethē
|
asinethanga
|
esinganethanga
|
singanethanga
|
2nd plural
|
ninethile, ninethē
|
eninethile, eninethē
|
ninethile, ninethē
|
aninethanga
|
eninganethanga
|
ninganethanga
|
Class 1
|
unethile, unethē
|
onethile, onethē
|
enethile, enethē
|
akanethanga
|
onganethanga
|
enganethanga
|
Class 2
|
banethile, banethē
|
abanethile, abanethē
|
benethile, benethē
|
abanethanga
|
abanganethanga
|
benganethanga
|
Class 3
|
unethile, unethē
|
onethile, onethē
|
unethile, unethē
|
awunethanga
|
onganethanga
|
unganethanga
|
Class 4
|
inethile, inethē
|
enethile, enethē
|
inethile, inethē
|
ayinethanga
|
enganethanga
|
inganethanga
|
Class 5
|
linethile, linethē
|
elinethile, elinethē
|
linethile, linethē
|
alinethanga
|
elinganethanga
|
linganethanga
|
Class 6
|
anethile, anethē
|
anethile, anethē
|
enethile, enethē
|
awanethanga
|
anganethanga
|
enganethanga
|
Class 7
|
sinethile, sinethē
|
esinethile, esinethē
|
sinethile, sinethē
|
asinethanga
|
esinganethanga
|
singanethanga
|
Class 8
|
zinethile, zinethē
|
ezinethile, ezinethē
|
zinethile, zinethē
|
azinethanga
|
ezinganethanga
|
zinganethanga
|
Class 9
|
inethile, inethē
|
enethile, enethē
|
inethile, inethē
|
ayinethanga
|
enganethanga
|
inganethanga
|
Class 10
|
zinethile, zinethē
|
ezinethile, ezinethē
|
zinethile, zinethē
|
azinethanga
|
ezinganethanga
|
zinganethanga
|
Class 11
|
lunethile, lunethē
|
olunethile, olunethē
|
lunethile, lunethē
|
alunethanga
|
olunganethanga
|
lunganethanga
|
Class 14
|
bunethile, bunethē
|
obunethile, obunethē
|
bunethile, bunethē
|
abunethanga
|
obunganethanga
|
bunganethanga
|
Class 15
|
kunethile, kunethē
|
okunethile, okunethē
|
kunethile, kunethē
|
akunethanga
|
okunganethanga
|
kunganethanga
|
Class 17
|
kunethile, kunethē
|
okunethile, okunethē
|
kunethile, kunethē
|
akunethanga
|
okunganethanga
|
kunganethanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngānetha
|
engānetha
|
ngānetha
|
anginethanga
|
enginganethanga
|
nginganethanga
|
2nd singular
|
wānetha
|
owānetha
|
wānetha
|
awunethanga
|
onganethanga
|
unganethanga
|
1st plural
|
sānetha
|
esānetha
|
sānetha
|
asinethanga
|
esinganethanga
|
singanethanga
|
2nd plural
|
nānetha
|
enānetha
|
nānetha
|
aninethanga
|
eninganethanga
|
ninganethanga
|
Class 1
|
wānetha
|
owānetha
|
ānetha
|
akanethanga
|
onganethanga
|
enganethanga
|
Class 2
|
bānetha
|
abānetha
|
bānetha
|
abanethanga
|
abanganethanga
|
benganethanga
|
Class 3
|
wānetha
|
owānetha
|
wānetha
|
awunethanga
|
onganethanga
|
unganethanga
|
Class 4
|
yānetha
|
eyānetha
|
yānetha
|
ayinethanga
|
enganethanga
|
inganethanga
|
Class 5
|
lānetha
|
elānetha
|
lānetha
|
alinethanga
|
elinganethanga
|
linganethanga
|
Class 6
|
ānetha
|
ānetha
|
ānetha
|
awanethanga
|
anganethanga
|
enganethanga
|
Class 7
|
sānetha
|
esānetha
|
sānetha
|
asinethanga
|
esinganethanga
|
singanethanga
|
Class 8
|
zānetha
|
ezānetha
|
zānetha
|
azinethanga
|
ezinganethanga
|
zinganethanga
|
Class 9
|
yānetha
|
eyānetha
|
yānetha
|
ayinethanga
|
enganethanga
|
inganethanga
|
Class 10
|
zānetha
|
ezānetha
|
zānetha
|
azinethanga
|
ezinganethanga
|
zinganethanga
|
Class 11
|
lwānetha
|
olwānetha
|
lwānetha
|
alunethanga
|
olunganethanga
|
lunganethanga
|
Class 14
|
bānetha
|
obānetha
|
bānetha
|
abunethanga
|
obunganethanga
|
bunganethanga
|
Class 15
|
kwānetha
|
okwānetha
|
kwānetha
|
akunethanga
|
okunganethanga
|
kunganethanga
|
Class 17
|
kwānetha
|
okwānetha
|
kwānetha
|
akunethanga
|
okunganethanga
|
kunganethanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
nginganetha
|
—
|
nginganetha
|
ngingenethe
|
—
|
ngingenethe
|
2nd singular
|
unganetha
|
—
|
unganetha
|
ungenethe
|
—
|
ungenethe
|
1st plural
|
singanetha
|
—
|
singanetha
|
singenethe
|
—
|
singenethe
|
2nd plural
|
ninganetha
|
—
|
ninganetha
|
ningenethe
|
—
|
ningenethe
|
Class 1
|
anganetha
|
—
|
enganetha
|
angenethe
|
—
|
engenethe
|
Class 2
|
banganetha
|
—
|
benganetha
|
bangenethe
|
—
|
bengenethe
|
Class 3
|
unganetha
|
—
|
unganetha
|
ungenethe
|
—
|
ungenethe
|
Class 4
|
inganetha
|
—
|
inganetha
|
ingenethe
|
—
|
ingenethe
|
Class 5
|
linganetha
|
—
|
linganetha
|
lingenethe
|
—
|
lingenethe
|
Class 6
|
anganetha
|
—
|
enganetha
|
angenethe
|
—
|
engenethe
|
Class 7
|
singanetha
|
—
|
singanetha
|
singenethe
|
—
|
singenethe
|
Class 8
|
zinganetha
|
—
|
zinganetha
|
zingenethe
|
—
|
zingenethe
|
Class 9
|
inganetha
|
—
|
inganetha
|
ingenethe
|
—
|
ingenethe
|
Class 10
|
zinganetha
|
—
|
zinganetha
|
zingenethe
|
—
|
zingenethe
|
Class 11
|
lunganetha
|
—
|
lunganetha
|
lungenethe
|
—
|
lungenethe
|
Class 14
|
bunganetha
|
—
|
bunganetha
|
bungenethe
|
—
|
bungenethe
|
Class 15
|
kunganetha
|
—
|
kunganetha
|
kungenethe
|
—
|
kungenethe
|
Class 17
|
kunganetha
|
—
|
kunganetha
|
kungenethe
|
—
|
kungenethe
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizonetha
|
engizonetha
|
ngizonetha
|
angizunetha
|
engingezunetha
|
ngingezunetha
|
2nd singular
|
uzonetha
|
ozonetha
|
uzonetha
|
awuzunetha
|
ongezunetha
|
ungezunetha
|
1st plural
|
sizonetha
|
esizonetha
|
sizonetha
|
asizunetha
|
esingezunetha
|
singezunetha
|
2nd plural
|
nizonetha
|
enizonetha
|
nizonetha
|
anizunetha
|
eningezunetha
|
ningezunetha
|
Class 1
|
uzonetha
|
ozonetha
|
ezonetha
|
akazunetha
|
ongezunetha
|
engezunetha
|
Class 2
|
bazonetha
|
abazonetha
|
bezonetha
|
abazunetha
|
abangezunetha
|
bengezunetha
|
Class 3
|
uzonetha
|
ozonetha
|
uzonetha
|
awuzunetha
|
ongezunetha
|
ungezunetha
|
Class 4
|
izonetha
|
ezonetha
|
izonetha
|
ayizunetha
|
engezunetha
|
ingezunetha
|
Class 5
|
lizonetha
|
elizonetha
|
lizonetha
|
alizunetha
|
elingezunetha
|
lingezunetha
|
Class 6
|
azonetha
|
azonetha
|
ezonetha
|
awazunetha
|
angezunetha
|
engezunetha
|
Class 7
|
sizonetha
|
esizonetha
|
sizonetha
|
asizunetha
|
esingezunetha
|
singezunetha
|
Class 8
|
zizonetha
|
ezizonetha
|
zizonetha
|
azizunetha
|
ezingezunetha
|
zingezunetha
|
Class 9
|
izonetha
|
ezonetha
|
izonetha
|
ayizunetha
|
engezunetha
|
ingezunetha
|
Class 10
|
zizonetha
|
ezizonetha
|
zizonetha
|
azizunetha
|
ezingezunetha
|
zingezunetha
|
Class 11
|
luzonetha
|
oluzonetha
|
luzonetha
|
aluzunetha
|
olungezunetha
|
lungezunetha
|
Class 14
|
buzonetha
|
obuzonetha
|
buzonetha
|
abuzunetha
|
obungezunetha
|
bungezunetha
|
Class 15
|
kuzonetha
|
okuzonetha
|
kuzonetha
|
akuzunetha
|
okungezunetha
|
kungezunetha
|
Class 17
|
kuzonetha
|
okuzonetha
|
kuzonetha
|
akuzunetha
|
okungezunetha
|
kungezunetha
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyonetha
|
engiyonetha
|
ngiyonetha
|
angiyunetha
|
engingeyunetha
|
ngingeyunetha
|
2nd singular
|
uyonetha
|
oyonetha
|
uyonetha
|
awuyunetha
|
ongeyunetha
|
ungeyunetha
|
1st plural
|
siyonetha
|
esiyonetha
|
siyonetha
|
asiyunetha
|
esingeyunetha
|
singeyunetha
|
2nd plural
|
niyonetha
|
eniyonetha
|
niyonetha
|
aniyunetha
|
eningeyunetha
|
ningeyunetha
|
Class 1
|
uyonetha
|
oyonetha
|
eyonetha
|
akayunetha
|
ongeyunetha
|
engeyunetha
|
Class 2
|
bayonetha
|
abayonetha
|
beyonetha
|
abayunetha
|
abangeyunetha
|
bengeyunetha
|
Class 3
|
uyonetha
|
oyonetha
|
uyonetha
|
awuyunetha
|
ongeyunetha
|
ungeyunetha
|
Class 4
|
iyonetha
|
eyonetha
|
iyonetha
|
ayiyunetha
|
engeyunetha
|
ingeyunetha
|
Class 5
|
liyonetha
|
eliyonetha
|
liyonetha
|
aliyunetha
|
elingeyunetha
|
lingeyunetha
|
Class 6
|
ayonetha
|
ayonetha
|
eyonetha
|
awayunetha
|
angeyunetha
|
engeyunetha
|
Class 7
|
siyonetha
|
esiyonetha
|
siyonetha
|
asiyunetha
|
esingeyunetha
|
singeyunetha
|
Class 8
|
ziyonetha
|
eziyonetha
|
ziyonetha
|
aziyunetha
|
ezingeyunetha
|
zingeyunetha
|
Class 9
|
iyonetha
|
eyonetha
|
iyonetha
|
ayiyunetha
|
engeyunetha
|
ingeyunetha
|
Class 10
|
ziyonetha
|
eziyonetha
|
ziyonetha
|
aziyunetha
|
ezingeyunetha
|
zingeyunetha
|
Class 11
|
luyonetha
|
oluyonetha
|
luyonetha
|
aluyunetha
|
olungeyunetha
|
lungeyunetha
|
Class 14
|
buyonetha
|
obuyonetha
|
buyonetha
|
abuyunetha
|
obungeyunetha
|
bungeyunetha
|
Class 15
|
kuyonetha
|
okuyonetha
|
kuyonetha
|
akuyunetha
|
okungeyunetha
|
kungeyunetha
|
Class 17
|
kuyonetha
|
okuyonetha
|
kuyonetha
|
akuyunetha
|
okungeyunetha
|
kungeyunetha
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
nginethe
|
nginganethi
|
2nd singular
|
unethe
|
unganethi
|
1st plural
|
sinethe
|
singanethi
|
2nd plural
|
ninethe
|
ninganethi
|
Class 1
|
anethe
|
anganethi
|
Class 2
|
banethe
|
banganethi
|
Class 3
|
unethe
|
unganethi
|
Class 4
|
inethe
|
inganethi
|
Class 5
|
linethe
|
linganethi
|
Class 6
|
anethe
|
anganethi
|
Class 7
|
sinethe
|
singanethi
|
Class 8
|
zinethe
|
zinganethi
|
Class 9
|
inethe
|
inganethi
|
Class 10
|
zinethe
|
zinganethi
|
Class 11
|
lunethe
|
lunganethi
|
Class 14
|
bunethe
|
bunganethi
|
Class 15
|
kunethe
|
kunganethi
|
Class 17
|
kunethe
|
kunganethi
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
nganetha
|
nganganetha, anganetha, anganganetha
|
2nd singular
|
wanetha
|
wanganetha, awanetha, awanganetha
|
1st plural
|
sanetha
|
sanganetha, asanetha, asanganetha
|
2nd plural
|
nanetha
|
nanganetha, ananetha, ananganetha
|
Class 1
|
wanetha
|
wanganetha, akanetha, akanganetha
|
Class 2
|
banetha
|
banganetha, abanetha, abanganetha
|
Class 3
|
wanetha
|
wanganetha, awanetha, awanganetha
|
Class 4
|
yanetha
|
yanganetha, ayanetha, ayanganetha
|
Class 5
|
lanetha
|
langanetha, alanetha, alanganetha
|
Class 6
|
anetha
|
anganetha, awanetha, awanganetha
|
Class 7
|
sanetha
|
sanganetha, asanetha, asanganetha
|
Class 8
|
zanetha
|
zanganetha, azanetha, azanganetha
|
Class 9
|
yanetha
|
yanganetha, ayanetha, ayanganetha
|
Class 10
|
zanetha
|
zanganetha, azanetha, azanganetha
|
Class 11
|
lwanetha
|
lwanganetha, alwanetha, alwanganetha
|
Class 14
|
banetha
|
banganetha, abanetha, abanganetha
|
Class 15
|
kwanetha
|
kwanganetha, akwanetha, akwanganetha
|
Class 17
|
kwanetha
|
kwanganetha, akwanetha, akwanganetha
|