ni-

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "ni"

Aromanian

Etymology

From Slavic ne-. Compare Romanian ne-.

Prefix

ni-

  1. un-; de- (used to negate)

Derived terms

Aromanian terms prefixed with ni-

Cebuano

Etymology

From ning-, itself from ming-.

Pronunciation

Prefix

ni- (infinitive & future mo-, mu-)

  1. alternative form of ming-
    Nikaon ko.
    I ate.

Usage notes

  • The forms ming- and mi- are only ever used in formal contexts, ning- and ni- are more common in daily conversation.

See also

Cebuano terms prefixed with ni-

Classical Nahuatl

Alternative forms

  • n- (before vowels)

Prefix

ni-

  1. Subject prefix for verbs; indicates that the subject is first person singular: I.

Garo

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

ni-

  1. look at

Derived terms

Kamba

Alternative forms

Prefix

ni-

  1. I (used for conjugating verbs to the subjective or nominative case of the personal pronoun)

Mohawk

Etymology

From Proto-Iroquoian *ijiː.

Prefix

ni-

  1. pronominal prefix for
    They both (m) ____

Alternative forms

- Initial consonant
Environment t/s/h/k n/r/w/’ a e/en o/on i y
Word-Initial ni- ni- i- n- n- n- ni-

Prefix

ni-

  1. partitive prefix

References

  • Gunther Michelson (1973) A thousand words of Mohawk, University of Ottawa Press, page 9
  • Nora Deering, Helga H. Delisle (1976) Mohawk: A teaching grammar (preliminary version), Quebec: Manitou College, pages 147, 172

Navajo

Prefix

ni-

  1. your, you

See also

Navajo possessive pronouns
singular dual plural
1st person shi- nihi- danihi-
2nd person ni- nihi- danihi-
3rd person bi-
4th person (3o) yi-
4th person (3a) ha-, hw-
Indefinite person (3i) a-

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

Same as the word nid, from Old Norse níð.

Pronunciation

Prefix

ni-

  1. uninterrupted, intensely
  2. very, a lot

Derived terms

Norwegian Bokmål terms prefixed with ni-

References

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

Doublet of nid. From Old Norse níð, from Proto-Germanic *nīþą.

Prefix

ni-

  1. Used as an intensifier, especially in verbs

Derived terms

Norwegian Nynorsk terms prefixed with ni-

References

Anagrams

Ojibwe

Prefix

ni-

  1. A prefix denoting the first person

Usage notes

ni- is the unmarked form, and appears before stems that begin with the consonants p, t, k, h, ch, m, n, s, sh, w, and y. In animate intransitive verbs (vai) and transitive inanimate verbs (vti) conjugations, ni- or one of its alternative forms can act as part of a pair of affixes, with the affix -min (or a variant) to form the first person plural exclusive . In transitive animate verbs (vta) - that is verbs where the subject and the object are both animate - ni- can indicate that either the subject or the object is first-person (singular or plural), according to the rules of topicality hierarchy.

Alternative forms

Related terms

See also

Ojibwe personal prefixes
stem begins with... 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
Consonants p t k h ch m n s sh w y ni- gi- o-
d g ' j z zh nin-
b nim-
Vowels o nindo- gido- odo-
a aa e i nind- gid- od-
oo n- g-
ii w-

Preverb

ni-

  1. Alternative spelling of ani-

Old English

Etymology

From earlier *niwi-, before a regular sound change in which non-word-initial *w was lost before fully unstressed *i. The same sound change occurred to ǣ (“law”) ← *ǣi ← *āwi, sǣ (“sea”) ← *sǣi ← *sāwi, and glī (“joy”) ← *gliwi. It must have also occurred to nīewe (“new”) in the nominative singular, producing *nī ← *niwi, but its *w was restored by analogy with its inflected forms, which had a following *j instead of *i.

Pronunciation

Prefix

nī-

  1. new-, newly

Derived terms

Old English terms prefixed with ni-

Pipil

Pronunciation

Prefix

ni-

  1. (personal) I, first-person singular subject marker.
    Niaw nimumachtia Nawat
    I'm going to learn Nawat

See also

Pipil verb subject markers
singular plural
1st person ni- ti-
2nd person ti- (shi-) an- (shi-)
3rd person - -
  • naja (personal pronoun)
  • nech- (object marker)

Serbo-Croatian

Prefix

ni- (Cyrillic spelling ни-)

  1. Prefix prepended to pronouns to denote a negative meaning, synonymous with ne- (“no, not”).
    igdje ili nigdje. ― anywhere or nowhere
    itko ili nitko. ― anyone or no one
    ikad ili nikad. ― anytime or never
  2. Prefix prepended to copula verb biti in present tense to denote a negative meaning, synonymous with ne- (“not”).
    Bio sam tu ali nisam bio tamo. ― I was here but I was not there.

Derived terms

Serbo-Croatian terms prefixed with ni-

Swahili

Other scripts
Ajami نِـ

Pronunciation

  • Audio (Kenya)(file)

Prefix

ni-

  1. I, 1st person singular subject concord
    Antonym: si-
    ninakupenda ― I like you
    • 18th century, Abdallah bin Ali bin Nasir, Al-Inkishafi‎, translation from R. Allen (1946) “Inkishafi—a translation from the Swahili”, in African Studies, volume 5, number 4, →DOI, pages 243–249, stanza 6:
      نِيَضِهِرِشِ يَغُ مَقَالِ ، اَبَيُ مُيُوْنِ نِقُصُدِيِ
      Niyaḍihirishe yangu maqali, ambayo moyoni niquṣudiye.
      Let me set forth the plan which I have in my heart.
  2. verb-initial form of -ni- (“me, 1st person singular object concord”)

See also

Swahili personal pronouns (m-wa class(I/II))
Number Person Independent Subject concord Object concord Combined forms Possessive
affirmative negative na ndi- si-
Singular First mimi ni- si- -ni- nami, na mimi ndimi, ndiye simi, siye -angu
Second wewe u- hu- -ku- nawe, na wewe ndiwe, ndiye siwe, siye -ako
Third yeye a-, yu- ha-, hayu- -m-, -mw-, -mu- naye, na yeye ndiye siye -ake
Plural First sisi tu- hatu- -tu- nasi, na sisi ndisi, ndio sio -etu
Second ninyi m-, mw-, mu- ham-, hamw-, hamu- -wa- nanyi, na ninyi ndinyi, ndio sinyi, sio -enu
Third wao wa- hawa- -wa- nao ndio sio -ao
Reflexive — — -ji- — —
For a full table including other classes, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns.

Swazi

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *mɪ̀-.

Prefix

ni-

  1. you, you all; second-person plural subject concord.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ́-, via an intermediate form *mɪ́-.

Prefix

ni-

  1. you, you all; second-person plural object concord.

Ternate

Etymology 1

Cognate with Tehit n- (“second-person prefix”).

Pronoun

ni- (Jawi ني-)

  1. second-person plural clitic, you all

Etymology 2

Pronoun

ni- (Jawi ني-)

  1. second-person singular possessive pronoun, your

See also

Ternate personal pronouns
independent subject proclitic possessive
Informal Formal
1st person singular ngori fangarem, fajaruf to ri
2nd person singular ngana ngoni, jou ngoni no ni
3rd person singular unam, minaf om, mof, inh im, mif, manh
1st person plural inclusive ngone fo na, nga
1st person plural exclusive ngomi fangare ngomim, fajaru ngomif, fara ngomi1 mi mi, mia
2nd person plural ngoni ni na, nia
3rd person plural anah, enanh ih, nh, yoh, †, yanh, † nah, ngah, manh
  • unmarked pronouns are gender non-specific
  • m - masculine, f - feminine, h - human, nh - non-human
  • 1 - for mixed-gender groups
  • † - archaic

References

  • Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
  • Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Welsh

Pronunciation

Prefix

ni-

  1. Nasal mutation of di-.

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
di- ddi- ni- unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

West Makian

Etymology 1

Cognate with Ternate ni-.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

ni-

  1. second-person singular possessive prefix, your

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Pronoun

ni-

  1. alternative form of na- (“our (inclusive)”) when preceded by a root-initial i

See also

West Makian personal pronouns
independent possessive prefix
1st person singular de ti
2nd person singular ni ni
3rd person singular me mVan., dVinan.
1st person plural inclusive ene nV
1st person plural exclusive imi mi
2nd person plural ini fi
3rd person plural eme di

References

  • Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎, Pacific linguistics

Xhosa

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *mɪ̀-.

Prefix

ni-

  1. you, you all; second-person plural subject concord.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ́-, via an intermediate form *mɪ́-.

Prefix

ni-

  1. you, you all; second-person plural object concord.

Ye'kwana

Pronunciation

Prefix

ni-

  1. Allomorph of n- (third-person prefix) used for stems that begin with a consonant.

Inflection

Ye'kwana personal markers
pronoun noun possessor/
series II verb argument 		postposition object series I verb argument
transitive patient intransitive patient-like intransitive agent-like transitive agent
first person ewü y-, ∅-, ü-, u-1 w-, wi-
first person dual inclusive küwü k-, kü-, ku-, ki- k-, kii-, ki-1
second person amödö ö-, öy-/öd-, o-, oy-/od-, a-, ay-/ad- m-, mi-
first person dual exclusive nña y-/d-, ch-, ∅-, i-1 chö- ∅- n-, ni-
third person tüwü n-, ni-
distant past third person — kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini-
coreferential/reflexive — t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te- —
reciprocal — — öö-
  1. With following vowel lengthened if in an unreduced open syllable.
series I verb argument:
transitive agent and transitive patient
first person > second person mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni-
first person dual exclusive > second person
second person > first person k-, kü-, ku-, ki-
second person > first person dual exclusive
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person see person X in the chart above

Zulu

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *mɪ̀-.

Prefix

ni-

  1. you, you all; second-person plural subject concord.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ́-, via an intermediate form *mɪ́-.

Prefix

ní-

  1. you, you all; second-person plural object concord.

References

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia