niesen
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See also: Niesen
Dutch
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
niesen
- (rare, intransitive) Alternative form of niezen
Conjugation
| Conjugation of niesen (weak) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | niesen | |||
| past singular | nieste | |||
| past participle | geniest | |||
| infinitive | niesen | |||
| gerund | niesen n | |||
| present tense | past tense | |||
| 1st person singular | nies | nieste | ||
| 2nd person sing. (jij) | niest, nies2 | nieste | ||
| 2nd person sing. (u) | niest | nieste | ||
| 2nd person sing. (gij) | niest | nieste | ||
| 3rd person singular | niest | nieste | ||
| plural | niesen | niesten | ||
| subjunctive sing.1 | niese | nieste | ||
| subjunctive plur.1 | niesen | niesten | ||
| imperative sing. | nies | |||
| imperative plur.1 | niest | |||
| participles | niesend | geniest | ||
| 1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion. | ||||
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
niesen
Anagrams
German
Alternative forms
- nießen (rare, reflecting the pronunciation with )
Etymology
From Middle High German niesen, from Old High German niosan, from Proto-West Germanic *hneusan, from Proto-Germanic *hneusaną, a variant of *fneusaną. Cognate with Dutch niezen, Yiddish ניסן (nisn), English sneeze.
Pronunciation
Verb
niesen (weak or mixed, third-person singular present niest, past tense nieste, past participle geniest or (rare or humorous) genossen, auxiliary haben)
- (intransitive) to sneeze
Usage notes
- By far the most common past participle is regular geniest. Only this form is correct by standard rules.
- Among those speakers who pronounce the verb with a voiceless -sound, some few use the strong participle genossen, which in Standard German is only that of genießen (“to enjoy”). This usage is most often humorous, otherwise quite rare.
Conjugation
| infinitive | niesen | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | niesend | ||||
| past participle | geniest genossen1 | ||||
| auxiliary | haben | ||||
| indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
| present | ich niese | wir niesen | i | ich niese | wir niesen |
| du niest | ihr niest | du niesest | ihr nieset | ||
| er niest | sie niesen | er niese | sie niesen | ||
| preterite | ich nieste | wir niesten | ii | ich nieste2 | wir niesten2 |
| du niestest | ihr niestet | du niestest2 | ihr niestet2 | ||
| er nieste | sie niesten | er nieste2 | sie niesten2 | ||
| imperative | nies (du) niese (du) |
niest (ihr) | |||
1Rare or humorous.
2Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
1Rare or humorous.
Related terms
- Niesen (noun)
Further reading
- “niesen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- “niesen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
- “niesen” in Duden online
niesen on the German Wikipedia.Wikipedia de
Middle Dutch
Etymology
Verb
niesen
- to sneeze
Inflection
| Weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | niesen | |
| 3rd sg. past | — | |
| 3rd pl. past | — | |
| Past participle | — | |
| Infinitive | niesen | |
| In genitive | niesens | |
| In dative | niesene | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | niese | — |
| 2nd singular | nies, nieses | — |
| 3rd singular | niest, nieset | — |
| 1st plural | niesen | — |
| 2nd plural | niest, nieset | — |
| 3rd plural | niesen | — |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | niese | — |
| 2nd singular | nies, nieses | — |
| 3rd singular | niese | — |
| 1st plural | niesen | — |
| 2nd plural | niest, nieset | — |
| 3rd plural | niesen | — |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | nies, niese | |
| Plural | niest, nieset | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | niesende | — |
Alternative forms
Descendants
Further reading
- “niesen”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “niesen (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page II