night watchman state

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English

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Etymology

Calque of German Nachtwächterstaat, which was coined by German socialist Ferdinand Lassalle in an 1862 speech in Berlin. He used this term to criticize the idea of a state with minimal government, comparing it to a night watchman whose sole duty was preventing theft.

Noun

night watchman state (plural night watchman states)

  1. (political philosophy) Government that is limited to a bare minimum of functions, usually just military, police, and courts.
    Synonyms: minarchy, minimal state
    Coordinate terms: nanny state, welfare state
    • 1992, Mark A. Graber, Transforming Free Speech: The Ambiguous Legacy of Civil Libertarianism, University of California Press, →ISBN, page 18:
      The doctrines of conservative liberalism were propounded by the late nineteenth century's leading intellectual proponents of the night watchman state.
    • 2011 February 1, Tristram Hunt, “The coalition holds Britain's cultural fabric in contempt”, in The Guardian:
      For these neoLiberal Democrats of the Orange Book school remain determined to junk social liberalism for economic liberalism. Their guiding light is the Gladstonian ideal of a low tax, laissez-faire, “night-watchman state”.

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