niski

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See also: níski

Lower Sorbian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nizъkъ.

Pronunciation

Adjective

niski (comparative nišy, superlative nejnišy, adverb nisko)

  1. low
    Antonym: wusoki

Declension

Further reading

  • Starosta, Manfred (1999) “niski”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Northern Sami

Etymology

From Finnish niska (nape).

Pronunciation

  • (Kautokeino) IPA(key): /ˈnisːkiː/

Noun

niski

  1. nape (of the neck)
  2. the place from which rapids in a river start

Inflection

Even i-stem, sk-skk gradation
Nominative niski
Genitive niskki
niskkẹ
Singular Plural
Nominative niski niskkit
Accusative niskki niskkiid
Genitive niskki
niskkẹ
niskkiid
Illative niskái niskkiide
Locative niskkis niskkiin
Comitative niskkiin niskkiiguin
Essive niskin
Possessive forms
Singular Dual Plural
1st person niskán niskáme niskámet
2nd person niskát niskáde niskádet
3rd person niskis niskiska niskiset

Further reading

  • Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages, Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Old Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nizъkъ. First attested in the 14th century.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /niːskiː/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /niski/

Adjective

niski (comparative niższy, superlative naniższy, derived adverb nisko)

  1. (attested in Lesser Poland) low, short (situated close to, or even below, the ground or another normal reference plane; not high or lofty)
    • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki, Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego, pages 85, 12:
      Witargl ies duszø moiø z pyecla niszszego (ex inferno inferiori)
      [Wytargł jeś duszę moję z piekła niższego (ex inferno inferiori)]
  2. (attested in Lesser Poland) short (of comparatively small height)
    • Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 20:
      Tesch byla any barzo vyschoka, any barzo nyska (decens sui corporis fuerat statura nec longa nimis, nec brevis)
      [Też była ani barzo wysoka ani barzo niska (decens sui corporis fuerat statura nec longa nimis, nec brevis)]
    • Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 3a:
      Then to krol, genszecz gest bil barszo viszoky, tenczy szø gest on dzysza vczinil barso niszky
      [Ten to krol, jenżeć jest był barzo wysoki, tenci się jest on dzisia uczynił barzo niski]
  3. (attested in Masovia) low (occupying not a high position in a hierarchy; not important; not high in status, esteem or rank, dignity, or quality)
    • 1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 57:
      Thakesz czvgemy o dzewkach szlachczyczow nyszszych vogevodi (de filiabus nobilium inferiorum)
      [A takież czujemy o dziewkach ślachcicow niższych wojewody (de filiabus nobilium inferiorum)]
    • 1930 [c. 1455], “III Reg”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 14, 10:
      Zagubyø... mdlego a zarzuczonego y nanyszszego w israhelskem lyvdu (clausum et novissimum in Israel)
      [Zagubię... mdłego a zarzuconego i naniższego w israhelskiem ludu (clausum et novissimum in Israel)]
  4. inclined towards something; susceptible
    • 1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 70:
      Procliuior pochilony, nissy (qui ad indignandum facilis est, erit ad peccandum proclivior Prov 29, 22)
      [Procliuior pochylony, niższy (qui ad indignandum facilis est, erit ad peccandum proclivior Prov 29, 22)]
  5. (in the comparative, of text, attested in Lesser Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca) below; following
    • 1887 [Fifteenth century], Wacław Ubogi z Brodni, edited by Lucjan Malinowski, Modlitwy Wacława. Zabytek języka polskiego z wieku XV odkryty i skopjowany przez Aleksandra Przezdzieckiego wydał i objaśnił Lucyjan Malinowski, Krakow, Brodnia, page 44b:
      Kto chcze... vczczicz bozą matką, przesz ti dny moze nyssze modlitwi mowicz
      [Kto chce... ućcić Bożą Matkę, przez ty dni może nisze modlitwy mowić]

Derived terms

nouns
adjectives
nouns

Descendants

  • Polish: niski
  • Silesian: niski

References

  • Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “niski”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
  • Mańczak, Witold (2017) “niski”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
  • Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “niski”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego (in Polish)
  • B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “niski”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Polish

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Polish niski.

Pronunciation

 
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -iski
  • Syllabification: nis‧ki

Adjective

niski (comparative niższy, superlative najniższy, derived adverb nisko)

  1. low, short (situated close to, or even below, the ground; not high or lofty)
    Antonym: wysoki
  2. short (of comparatively small height)
    Antonym: wysoki
  3. low (situated close to some reference plane)
    Antonym: wysoki
  4. low (small, not high in amount or quantity, value, force, energy, etc.)
    Antonym: wysoki
  5. low (considered worse than other similar things)
    Antonym: wysoki
  6. low (of little value or morally bad)
    Antonym: wysoki
  7. low (holding a not high position in a hierarchy)
    Antonym: wysoki
  8. low (grave in pitch, due to being produced by relatively slow vibrations)
    Synonym: gruby
    Antonym: wysoki
  9. low (not complicated)
  10. (obsolete) low (humble)
  11. (Middle Polish, usually in the comparative) below; following
    Synonym: następujący
Declension
Alternative forms
Derived terms
adjectives
nouns

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), niski is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 32 times in scientific texts, 12 times in news, 26 times in essays, 14 times in fiction, and 4 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 88 times, making it the 724th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

Etymology 2

From Nisko +‎ -i.

Pronunciation

Adjective

niski (not comparable, no derived adverb)

  1. (relational, archaic) Nisko (of or relating to the region Nisko, especially the county)
    Synonym: (more common) niżański
Declension

References

  1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “niski”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 292

Further reading

Silesian

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish niski.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɲis.ki/
  • Rhymes: -iski
  • Syllabification: nis‧ki

Adjective

niski (comparative niższy, superlative nojniższy, derived adverb nisko)

  1. low, short (situated close to, or even below, the ground or another normal reference plane; not high or lofty)
  2. short (of comparatively small height)

Declension

Derived terms

adjectives
nouns
adverbs
nouns

Further reading

Upper Sorbian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nizъkъ.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈniski/
  • Rhymes: -iski
  • Hyphenation: ni‧s‧ki
  • Syllabification: nis‧ki

Adjective

niski (comparative niši, superlative najniši, absolute superlative nanajniši, excessive přeniski, adverb nisko)

  1. low (low in height)
    Antonym: wysoki
  2. low (that extends or drags along the ground or that rises just above the ground)
    Trawa na dworje je niska.
    The grass in the yard is low.

Declension

References