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Egyptian
Pronunciation
Verb
5-lit.
- (intransitive) to stammer
c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE,
Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 13–17:
- jꜥ tw jmj mw ḥr ḏbꜥw.k jḫ wšb.k wšd.t(w).k mdw.k n nswt jb.k m-ꜥ.k wšb.k nn njtjt
- Wash yourself, put water on your fingers,
so you might answer when you are addressed, speak to the king with your mind in your possession, and answer without stammering.
Inflection
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Conjugation of njtjt (quinquiliteral / 5-lit. / 5rad.) — base stem: njtjt
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
njtjt
|
njtjtw, njtjt
|
njtjtt
|
njtjt
|
njtjt
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
njtjt
|
ḥr njtjt
|
m njtjt
|
r njtjt
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
| perfect
|
njtjt.n
|
consecutive
|
njtjt.jn
|
| terminative
|
njtjtt
|
| perfective3
|
njtjt
|
obligative1
|
njtjt.ḫr
|
| imperfective
|
njtjt
|
| prospective3
|
njtjtw, njtjt
|
potentialis1
|
njtjt.kꜣ
|
| subjunctive
|
njtjt
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
njtjt.n
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
njtjt
|
njtjt
|
njtjt, njtjtw5, njtjty5
|
| imperfective
|
njtjt, njtjty, njtjtw5
|
njtjt, njtjtj6, njtjty6
|
njtjt, njtjtw5
|
| prospective
|
njtjt, njtjttj7
|
njtjtwtj1 4, njtjttj4, njtjtt4
|
- Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
- Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
- Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
- Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
- Only in the masculine singular.
- Only in the masculine.
- Only in the feminine.
|
References
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 162.
