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1) Behaves grammatically as plural. 2) Behaves grammatically as third person.
3) Only as object of a preposition. 4) Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.
Etymology 2
Inherited from the stressed nominative of Latinnōs(“we; us”); see Etymology 1. Replaced in normal usage by nosaltres. For the development of a distinction between stressed and unstressed forms of what was originally a single word, compare Portuguese nós and nos. See also the parallel development in Spanish of nosotros.
2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme IX, Chapter 4: ¿Fala transerrana?:
I nos, inda hoxii, con autonomía i tó siguimus idendu: “Vo pa Castilla”, […]
And to this day we, with autonomy and everything, keep on saying: “I’ll go to Castille”,
(Mañegu)First person plural dative and accusative pronoun; us
2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme II, Chapter 2: Recunquista:
Non poemos analizar con pormenoris estis siglos, pero tampoco se debi toleral que, sin fundamentus, se poña en duda algo que a Historia documentá nos lega sobre nossa terra.
We can’t thoroughly analyse these centuries, but one mustn’t tolerate that, unfoundedly, something documented history tells us about our land be questioned.
Usage notes
In Mañegu noshotrus and noshotras are more commonly used as subject pronouns.
Takes the form -nus when used as an object pronoun suffixed to an impersonal verb form.
nos in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
When used in the plural genitive, nostrī is used when it is the object of an action, especially when used with a gerund or gerundive. When used in such a construction, the gerund or gerundive takes on the masculinegenitivesingular. Nostrum is used as a partitive genitive, used in constructions such as (one of us).
(attested in Greater Poland,anatomy)nose(protuberance on the face housing the nostrils, which are used to breathe or smell)
1877-1881 [c.1418], Władysław Wisłocki, editor, Katalog rękopisów Biblioteki Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, page 2151:
Nos yego y vsta bez wschey ganibi
[Nos jego i usta bez wszej gańby]
c.1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 86v:
Nasus eyn nasz nosz
[Nasus eyn nasz nos ]
c.1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 109v:
Pulpa est extrema pars nasi vel interior pars pomi ein grubsz konyecz noszą
[Pulpa est extrema pars nasi vel interior pars pomi ein grubsz koniecz nosa]
beak, bill(rigid structure projecting from the front of a bird's face, used for pecking, grooming, foraging, carrying items, eating food, etc.)
1885-2024 [XV ex.], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume V, page 27:
Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “nos”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
Mańczak, Witold (2017) “nos”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “nos”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “nos”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “nos”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk
Majtán, Milan et al., editors (1991–2008), “nos”, in Historický slovník slovenského jazyka [Historical Dictionary of the Slovak Language] (in Slovak), volumes 1–7 (A – Ž), Bratislava: VEDA, →OCLC
Old Spanish
Etymology 1
From Latinnōs, in the nominative case, and accusative nōs stressed.
(by extension)nose(tip of an object, usually pointed)
toe cap(long elongated section of a shoe for a toe)
(obsolete,colloquial)beak, bill(rigid structure projecting from the front of a bird's face, used for pecking, grooming, foraging, carrying items, eating food, etc.)
Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “nos”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
“NOS”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 25.06.2009
This form is very rarely used in spoken Brazilian Portuguese, where nominative forms are preferred over third-person direct object pronouns (which, when used, are typically placed before verbs).
“nos”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024
Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., Se lo dije instead of Le lo dije)
Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
From Middle Welshnos, according to Matasovic, a loanword from Latinnox(“night”), but according to Falileyev, from Old Welshnos, from Proto-Celtic*noxt-stu-, a suffixed form of *noxs(“night”) (the expected Welsh descendant of this would be **noeth).
Nos(“night, evening”) generally refers to the uncoutable period of darkness. The word is also used with the names of evenings and nights of days of the week, with holiday and festival names and in the phrase Nos da(“Good night”). It is therefore the opposite of dydd(“day”).
yn ystod y nos ― during the night
nos Wener ― Friday evening/night
Nos Galan ― New Year's Eve
Noson(“night, evening”), on the other hand, is countable and refers to an individual evening or night and so is the word used when employing a qualifying numeral or adjective. It sits in contrast to the word diwrnod(“day”).
noson wych ― a great evening/night
tair noson ― three nights
Noswaith(“evening”) is used in phrase Noswaith dda(“Good evening”). It is also synonymous to noson in some southern dialects.