nyúl
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nyúl
Hungarian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Proto-Uralic *ńomala. Cognates include Northern Sami njoammil, Tundra Enets наба (naba, “hare”) and Erzya нумоло (numolo, “hare”).
Noun
nyúl (plural nyulak)
- rabbit (mammal), hare
- (slang) chicken, scaredy-cat (a coward)
- gyáva nyúl ― scaredy-cat (literally, “cowardly rabbit”)
Declension
| Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | nyúl | nyulak |
| accusative | nyulat | nyulakat |
| dative | nyúlnak | nyulaknak |
| instrumental | nyúllal | nyulakkal |
| causal-final | nyúlért | nyulakért |
| translative | nyúllá | nyulakká |
| terminative | nyúlig | nyulakig |
| essive-formal | nyúlként | nyulakként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | nyúlban | nyulakban |
| superessive | nyúlon | nyulakon |
| adessive | nyúlnál | nyulaknál |
| illative | nyúlba | nyulakba |
| sublative | nyúlra | nyulakra |
| allative | nyúlhoz | nyulakhoz |
| elative | nyúlból | nyulakból |
| delative | nyúlról | nyulakról |
| ablative | nyúltól | nyulaktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
nyúlé | nyulaké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
nyúléi | nyulakéi |
| Possessive forms of nyúl | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | nyulam | nyulaim |
| 2nd person sing. | nyulad | nyulaid |
| 3rd person sing. | nyula | nyulai |
| 1st person plural | nyulunk | nyulaink |
| 2nd person plural | nyulatok | nyulaitok |
| 3rd person plural | nyuluk | nyulaik |
Derived terms
Compound words
Expressions
Etymology 2
From the same stem as nyújt + -l (frequentative suffix).
Verb
nyúl
- (intransitive) to reach one's hand for something (with -ért or után)
Usage notes
- This verb is a member of one of those (few) quasi-homonymous verb pairs that exist both with and without an -ik ending. All (intransitive) suffixed forms of these pairs are identical (sometimes they can even have derived forms that coincide), with the exception of their dictionary form (the third-person singular indicative present, with or without -ik). However, the meaning of these pairs is usually distinct, sometimes unrelated. Examples include (fel)áldoz–(le)áldozik, bán–bánik, (meg)bíz–(meg)bízik, ér–érik, esz (rare)–eszik, hajol–hajlik, (felül)múl–(el)múlik, (hozzá)nyúl–nyúlik, (el)vesz–(el)veszik~(el)vész, and tör–törik (along with their verbal prefixes), hall–hallik (archaic), érez–érzik (archaic), sometimes with some difference: (el)hibáz–hibádzik, (le)torkol–torkollik. Therefore one may well need to check the context and the arguments to ascertain which member of the verb pair is relevant.
Conjugation
conjugation of nyúl
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | nyúlok | nyúlsz | nyúl | nyúlunk | nyúltok | nyúlnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | nyúltam | nyúltál | nyúlt | nyúltunk | nyúltatok | nyúltak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. nyúlni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | nyúlék | nyúlál | nyúla | nyúlánk | nyúlátok | nyúlának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. nyúl vala, nyúlt vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | nyúlandok | nyúlandasz | nyúland | nyúlandunk | nyúlandotok | nyúlandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | nyúlnék | nyúlnál | nyúlna | nyúlnánk | nyúlnátok | nyúlnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. nyúlt volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | nyúljak | nyúlj or nyúljál |
nyúljon | nyúljunk | nyúljatok | nyúljanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. nyúlt légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | nyúlni | nyúlnom | nyúlnod | nyúlnia | nyúlnunk | nyúlnotok | nyúlniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| nyúlás | nyúló | nyúlt | ― | nyúlva (nyúlván) | |||||
potential conjugation of nyúl
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | nyúlhatok | nyúlhatsz | nyúlhat | nyúlhatunk | nyúlhattok | nyúlhatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | nyúlhattam | nyúlhattál | nyúlhatott | nyúlhattunk | nyúlhattatok | nyúlhattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | nyúlhaték | nyúlhatál | nyúlhata | nyúlhatánk | nyúlhatátok | nyúlhatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. nyúlhat vala, nyúlhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | nyúlhatandok or nyúlandhatok |
nyúlhatandasz or nyúlandhatsz |
nyúlhatand or nyúlandhat |
nyúlhatandunk or nyúlandhatunk |
nyúlhatandotok or nyúlandhattok |
nyúlhatandanak or nyúlandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | nyúlhatnék | nyúlhatnál | nyúlhatna | nyúlhatnánk | nyúlhatnátok | nyúlhatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. nyúlhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | nyúlhassak | nyúlhass or nyúlhassál |
nyúlhasson | nyúlhassunk | nyúlhassatok | nyúlhassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. nyúlhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (nyúlhatni) | (nyúlhatnom) | (nyúlhatnod) | (nyúlhatnia) | (nyúlhatnunk) | (nyúlhatnotok) | (nyúlhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (nyúlhatva / nyúlhatván) | ||||
Derived terms
(With verbal prefixes):
Expressions
References
- ^ Entry #636 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
- ^ nyúl in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
- (rabbit): nyúl in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (to reach): nyúl in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN