nykštys

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Lithuanian

Nykštys

Etymology

Cognate with Latvian îkšķis, îkstis (“thumb”), Old Prussian instixs (“thumb”). The form inkštys is attested in the writings of Jonas Bretkūnas, but his mother was a native speaker of Old Prussian, casting doubt on its Lithuanian authenticity.

    Etymological details

Possible etymologies for the Baltic term include:

Similarities with Lithuanian ìnkstas (“kidney”) and its cognates have been noted, and some have proposed those words either influenced the word for "thumbs" or share an etymology.

Noun

nykštỹs m (plural nykščiaĩ) stress pattern 3

  1. thumb

Declension

Declension of nykštỹs
singular (vienaskaita) plural (daugiskaita)
nominative (vardininkas) nykštỹs nykščiaĩ
genitive (kilmininkas) nýkščio nykščių̃
dative (naudininkas) nýkščiui nykščiáms
accusative (galininkas) nýkštį nýkščius
instrumental (įnagininkas) nýkščiu nykščiaĩs
locative (vietininkas) nykštyjè nykščiuosè
vocative (šauksmininkas) nykštỹ nykščiaĩ

References

  • “nykštys”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2024
  • “nykštys”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
  • “inkštys”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
  • Derksen, Rick (2015) “nykštys”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 335
  • Fraenkel, Ernst (1955, 1962–1965) Litauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume I, Heidelberg-Göttingen: Carl Winter and Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, page 188
  • Jörundur Hilmarsson (1983) “The words for "thumb" in Baltic”, in Baltistica, volume 19, number 2, →DOI
  • Derksen, Rick (1996) Metatony In Baltic (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 6), Amsterdam: Rodopi, page 261
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