o

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "o" and O

o U+006F, o
LATIN SMALL LETTER O
← n
 		Basic Latin p →
ᵒ U+1D52, ᵒ
MODIFIER LETTER SMALL O
← ᵑ
 		Phonetic Extensions ᵓ →
ｏ U+FF4F, ｏ
FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER O
← ｎ
 		Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms ｐ →

Translingual

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Letter

o (upper case O)

  1. The fifteenth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.
    (superscript) See º.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /o/
  • IPA(file)

Symbol

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

o

  1. (IPA) a close-mid back rounded vowel.
  2. (superscript ⟨ᵒ⟩, IPA) -coloring or a weak, fleeting, epenthetic or echo .
  3. (phonetics, superscript ⟨ᵒ⟩) marks a labialized consonant.

Gallery

  • Letter styles
  • Uppercase and lowercase versions of O, in normal and italic type
    Uppercase and lowercase versions of O, in normal and italic type
  • Uppercase and lowercase O in Fraktur
    Uppercase and lowercase O in Fraktur

See also

The template Template:Letter does not use the parameter(s): 
Character=O
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.

Other representations of O:

English

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O, plural os or o's)

  1. The fifteenth letter of the English alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.
  2. Alternative form of ο, the fifteenth letter of the Classical and Modern Greek alphabets, called omicron and (astronomy) used as an abbreviation of omicron in star names.
    The system's Bayer designation is o Persei.
See also

Number

o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The ordinal number fifteenth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

Noun

o (plural oes)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter O.
  2. A zero (used in reading out numbers).
    It is currently two-o-five in the afternoon (2:05 PM).
    The first permanent English settlement in America was in Jamestown in sixteen-o-seven (1607).
Alternative forms
Derived terms
Derived terms
Translations
See o/translations § Noun.
See also

Etymology 2

Particle

o

  1. (nonstandard) alternative form of O (vocative particle)
    • 2007, The Bay Psalm Book, Cosimo Classics, published 1640, p.37, 41 & 46:
      I lift my soule to thee o Lord
      mee, o Iehovah, heare
      In thee, o Lord, I put my trust
Translations
vocative particle to mark direct address — see O

Interjection

o

  1. Alternative form of oh

Noun

o

  1. (IRC, acronym of) Operator
  2. (acronym of) Object, see SVO

Adjective

o

  1. Over

Etymology 3

See o'.

Preposition

o

  2. Alternative form of of

Etymology 4

Abbreviations.

  1. (stenoscript) a word-initial letter ⟨o⟩.
  2. (stenoscript) the long vowel /oʊ/ at the end of a word, or before a final consonant that is not /dʒ, v, z/. (Note: the final consonant is not written; , count as /oʊr/.)
    Thus the words or, owe.
  3. (stenoscript) the words on, so.

Albanian

Alternative forms

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Particle

o

  2. O (emphatic vocative marker of nouns)
    O malet e Shqipërisë!
    O mountains of Albania!

Usage notes

Used with indefinite forms only. Can be placed either before or after the noun:

  • Qup (“Coby”, indefinite) + -o → Qup-o (“O Coby”).
  • o + Qup → o Qup (“O Coby”).

Further reading

Aragonese

Etymology

From Latin illum, accusative form of ille (“that”).

Article

o m (definite singulars)

  1. the
    O río Ebro ― The Ebro River

Usage notes

  • Becomes l' before many words beginning with a vowel.
  • The form lo, either pronounced as lo or ro, can be found after words ending with an -o.
  • Eastern dialects use the form el.

Asturian

Etymology

From Latin aut.

Conjunction

o

  1. or

Azerbaijani

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Letter

o lower case (upper case O)

  1. The twenty-first letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also

Etymology 2

From Old Anatolian Turkish اول (ol), Proto-Turkic *ol.

Pronoun

Other scripts
Cyrillic о
Abjad او

o (definite accusative onu, plural onlar)

  1. he, she, it
    O evdə deyil ― S/he is not at home.
    O çox yaxşı insandır. ― S/he is a very good person.
Declension
Declension of Azerbaijani personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
nominative mən sən o biz siz onlar
accusative məni səni onu bizi sizi onları
dative mənə sənə ona bizə sizə onlara
locative məndə səndə onda bizdə sizdə onlarda
ablative məndən səndən ondan bizdən sizdən onlardan
genitive mənim sənin onun bizim sizin onların
Derived terms

Determiner

o

  1. that, that one
    Antonym: bu
    O evdə deyil ― S/he isn't at that house.
    • 2010 January 22, joy.az‎, archived from the original on 4 March 2022:
      Amma nə xoş o insana ki, səhvini başa düşüb və tövbə edib haqq yoluna qayıdır
      But blissful is the/that person who realizes his mistake and repents and returns to the path of righteous.

Basque

Pronunciation

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The sixteenth letter of the Basque alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

See also

Noun

o (indeclinable)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter O.

See also

Borôro

Pronunciation

Noun

o

  1. tooth

Breton

Determiner

o (requires spirant mutation)

  1. their
    o zad ― their father

Catalan

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

o f (plural os)

  1. the Latin letter O (lowercase o)

Etymology 2

From Latin aut.

Pronunciation

Conjunction

o

  1. or
Derived terms

Corsican

Etymology

From Latin aut. Cognates include Italian o and Spanish o.

Conjunction

o

  1. or

References

Crimean Tatar

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ol. Compare Turkish o and Azerbaijani o.

Pronoun

o

  1. (personal pronoun) he, she, it
    Synonym: (Northern dialect) anav
  2. (demonstrative pronoun) that

Czech

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *o(b), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi.

Pronunciation

Preposition

o

  1. about

Preposition

o

  1. for

Further reading

  • o in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • o in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

Danish

Particle

o

  1. (higher register or humorous) Vocative particle.

Dutch

Pronunciation

Interjection

o

  1. oh

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The fifteenth letter of the Dutch alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

  • Previous letter: n
  • Next letter: p

Esperanto

Pronunciation

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The nineteenth letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

See also

Noun

o (accusative singular o-on, plural o-oj, accusative plural o-ojn)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter O.

See also

Estonian

Estonian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia et

Pronunciation

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The fifteenth letter of the Estonian alphabet, called oo and written in the Latin script.

See also

Extremaduran

Etymology

From Latin aut. Cognates include Spanish o and Italian o.

Conjunction

o

  1. or

Fala

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese o, from Latin illo (“he”).

Article

o m sg (plural os, feminine a, feminine plural as)

  1. (Mañegu) Masculine singular definite article; the
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:
      O términu de Valverdi, mais grandi, limita con Portugal, precisamenti con dois distintius Departamentos, que eran Beira Alta con capital en Guarda, a Beira Baixa con capital en Castelo Branco.
      The Valverde locality, the biggest, borders Portugal, more precisely with two distinct departments, which were Beira Alta with Guarda as its capital, and Beira Baixa with Castelo Branco as its capital.

Pronoun

o

  1. (Mañegu) Third person singular masculine accusative pronoun; him

See also

Fala personal pronouns
nominative dative accusative disjunctive
first person singular ei me, -mi mi
plural common nos musL
nusLV
nos, -nusM 		nos
masculine noshotrusM noshotrusM
feminine noshotrasM noshotrasM
second person singular tú te, -ti ti
plural common vos vusLV
vos, -vusM 		vos
masculine voshotrusM voshotrusM
feminine voshotrasM voshotrasM
third person singular masculine el le, -li uLV, oM el
feminine ela a ela
plural masculine elis usLV, osM elis
feminine elas as elas
reflexive — se, -si sí

Etymology 2

From Old Galician-Portuguese ou, from Latin aut (“or”).

Conjunction

o

  1. or
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme 6:
      Poin encontralsi, a o millol, hasta “oito” o mais.
      There can be found, at best, up to “eight” or more.

References

  • Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎, 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

Faroese

Pronunciation

Letter

o (upper case O)

  1. The seventeenth letter of the Faroese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

Finnish

Etymology

The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and o for information on the development of the glyph itself.

Pronunciation

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The fifteenth letter of the Finnish alphabet, called oo and written in the Latin script.

See also

French

Pronunciation

Noun

o m (plural os)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter O.

Derived terms

Symbol

o

  1. (computing) octet (B (byte))

Derived terms

Fula

Etymology 1

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. A letter of the Fula alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Usage notes
See also

Etymology 2

Suffix

o (plural ɓe)

  1. Noun class indicator for nouns (singular) having to do with people, and for loan words
Usage notes

Pronoun

o

  1. he, she (third person singular subject pronoun; short form)
Usage notes
  • Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).
  • This is used in all conjugations except for affirmative non-accomplished (where the long form is used).
Alternative forms
Derived terms
  • makko (possessive pronoun)
Related terms
  • omo (second person singular subject pronoun; long form)
  • himo (second person singular subject pronoun; long form; variant in Pular)
  • kanko (emphatic form)

Article

o

  1. (definite) the (when it follows the noun)
    Debbo o ― the woman
Usage notes

Determiner

o

  1. used in indicating someone
    O debbo ― this/that woman
Usage notes

Galician

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese o, from Latin illum, from ille.

Alternative forms

Article

o m sg (feminine singular a, masculine plural os, feminine plural as)

  1. masculine singular definite article; the
Usage notes
  • The definite article o (in all its forms), due to historical sandhi, regularly forms contractions when it follows the prepositions a (“to”), con (“with”), de (“of, from”), and en (“in”). For example, con o (“with the”) contracts to co, and en o (“in the”) contracts to no.
  • The definite article o (in all its forms), due to historical sandhi, contracts with preceding words which ends in or into the second form of the article lo (la, los, las); this feature, frequent in spoken Galician, is not always marked in the written language. When done, a hyphen is used to separate both words:
Debes comer o caldo ~ Debes come-lo caldo ― You should eat the soup
Derived terms
Derived terms

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronoun

o

  1. accusative of el
Usage notes

The Galician pronouns, being atones, are usually appended to the verb; though sandhi, o could acquire the form -no (for example, when appended to a verb form ended in a falling diphthong or in a nasal consonant, the nasal in -no having an antihiatic epenthetic origin) or -lo (when appended to a verb form ended in a -s or -r, the l having its origin in the assimilation of the -s or -r with the l present in the pronoun before the 12th century).

Further reading

German

Pronunciation

Interjection

o

  1. O
    • 1843, Gallus Schwab, Gebetbuch für katholische Christen, Bamberg, page 45:
      Sei gegrüßet, o Du mein Jesu! Mit tieftster Demuth bete ich Dich an und verehre Dich!
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Gothic

Romanization

ō

  1. Romanization of 𐍉

Guaraní

Etymology

Clipping of óga.

Noun

o

  1. house

Hawaiian

Conjunction

o

  1. or, lest

Preposition

o

  1. of, belonging to

Usage notes

  • Used for possessions that are inherited, out of personal control, and for things that can be got into (houses, clothes, cars), while a is used for acquired possessions.

Hungarian

Pronunciation

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The twenty-fourth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative o o-k
accusative o-t o-kat
dative o-nak o-knak
instrumental o-val o-kkal
causal-final o-ért o-kért
translative o-vá o-kká
terminative o-ig o-kig
essive-formal o-ként o-kként
essive-modal — —
inessive o-ban o-kban
superessive o-n o-kon
adessive o-nál o-knál
illative o-ba o-kba
sublative o-ra o-kra
allative o-hoz o-khoz
elative o-ból o-kból
delative o-ról o-król
ablative o-tól o-któl
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		o-é o-ké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		o-éi o-kéi
Possessive forms of o
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. o-m o-im
2nd person sing. o-d o-id
3rd person sing. o-ja o-i
1st person plural o-nk o-ink
2nd person plural o-tok o-itok
3rd person plural o-juk o-ik

See also

Further reading

  • o in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Ido

Pronunciation

  • (context pronunciation, letter name) IPA(key): /o/

Letter

o (upper case O)

  1. The fifteenth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

Conjunction

o

  1. Apocopic form of od

Related terms

  • e (“and”)
  • a (“to”)

Igbo

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Letter

o (upper case O)

  1. The twenty-fourth letter of the Igbo alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

  • ọ (retracted tongue position)

Pronunciation

Pronoun

o (dependent form, independent form ya)

  1. (personal, epicene) he, she, it
    O nyere m mmiri.
    She gave me water.
See also
Igbo personal pronouns
dependent independent object/possesive
Singular first m, a/e- ... -m m, mụ
second ị, i ngị, gị gị
third ọ, o ya
Plural first anyị
second ụnụ
third ha, a/e- ... -ha ha
Indefinite a/e - -

Indonesian

Pronunciation

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The fifteenth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

Italian

Etymology 1

From Latin ō (the name of the letter O).

Pronunciation

Letter

o f or m (invariable, lower case, upper case O)

  1. The thirteenth letter of the Italian alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

Noun

o f (invariable)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter O.
See also

Etymology 2

From Latin aut.

Alternative forms

  • od (used optionally before words beginning with a vowel)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /o/*, /o/
  • Rhymes: -o
  • Hyphenation: o

Conjunction

o

  1. or

References

  1. ^ Angelo Prati, "Vocabolario Etimologico Italiano", Torino, 1951

Further reading

Etymology 3

Verb

o

  1. Misspelling of ho.

Italiot Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ὁ (ho)

Article

o

  1. the
Third person forms
Number (style) singular (familiar) plural (formal)
strong weak strong weak
m f n m f n m f n m f n
nominative cino cini cino o i to cini cini cini e e ta
genitive tu tis tu — — — tos tos tos — — —
accusative ton tin to — — — tus tes ta — — —
  There is no 1st person vocative case.
† These terms double as possessive pronouns.
‡ "tis" is used before a verb, "tes" after a verb..
  All personal pronoun forms are displayed at evò (“I”).

Japanese

Romanization

o

  1. Rōmaji transcription of お
  2. Rōmaji transcription of オ
  3. Rōmaji transcription of を
  4. Rōmaji transcription of ヲ

Kapampangan

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish o (“or”).

Conjunction

o

  1. or
    Synonyms: o kaya, ekaya
    Mangan ka o pinandit naka?
    Are you going to eat or later?
    Mansanas o sagin.
    Apple or banana?

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

Particle

o

  1. (colloquial) sentence-ending particle used to express warning or to catch someone's attention; see also oy, uy and ay
    Palako nayu o.
    S/he's leaving.
    Makanini namu o.
    Just do it this way.
    Nanu o.
    What? huh?
  2. (colloquial) used as a vocative particle to address the topic in question
    Juan o lawen me.
    John! look!
    Ginu o sana iligtas yu.
    God, I hope you help them!
    Mina o aini na.
    Mina, here it is.

Interjection

o

  1. (colloquial) expression of surprise, wonder, amazement, or awe: oh!
    Synonyms: ba, aru, uru
  2. (colloquial) used to refer to something given or offered to someone: here you are! here you go!
    Synonyms: aini, aita, ayan

Kashubian

Etymology

The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and o for development of the glyph itself.

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The twentieth letter of the Kashubian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

Khumi Chin

O.

Pronunciation

Noun

o

  1. pig

References

  • K. E. Herr (2011) The phonological interpretation of minor syllables, applied to Lemi Chin‎, Payap University, page 47

Kikuyu

Pronunciation

Pronoun

o (third person plural)

  1. they

Related terms

  • -ao (“their”)

See also

Independent personal pronouns in Kikuyu
singular plural
1st person niĩ ithuĩ
2nd person we /wɛ(ː)/ inyuĩ
3rd person we /wɛ/ o

References

  • “o” in Benson, T.G. (1964). Kikuyu-English dictionary, p. 355. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Ladin

Etymology

From Latin aut.

Conjunction

o

  1. or

Latin

Etymology 1

From Etruscan letter 𐌏 (o), from Ancient Greek letter ο (o, “omicron”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤏 (ʿ, “ayin”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓁹.

Letter

o

  1. A letter of the Latin alphabet.

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Noun

ō f (indeclinable)

  1. The name of the letter O.
Coordinate terms

References

  • o in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • o in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • o in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • o in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • monstrous: o facinus indignum! (Ter. Andr. 1. 1. 118)
    • to take the military oath: sacramentum (o) dicere (vid. sect. XI. 2, note sacramentum...)
  • o in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32: "Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū—each, again, with a long vowel sound."

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὦ (ô), cognate, or onomatopoeic.

Alternative forms

  • ô (for the vocative particle)
  • ōh (for the interjection meaning "oh")

Pronunciation

Interjection

ō

  1. o! (vocative particle)
    • 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations Oratio in Catilinam Prima in Senatu Habita.II:
      O tempora, o mores! Senatus haec intellegit, consul videt; hic tamen vivit. Vivit?
      Shame on the age and on its principles! The senate is aware of these things; the consul sees them; and yet this man lives. Lives!
    • 4th century, St Jerome, Vulgate, Judges 3:19
      et reversus de Galgalis ubi erant idola dixit ad regem verbum secretum habeo ad te o rex et ille imperavit silentium egressisque omnibus qui circa eum erant (Then returning from Galgal, where the idols were, he said to the king: I have a secret message to thee, O king. And he commanded silence: and all being gone out that were about him,)
  2. oh!

Latvian

Latvian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia lv

Etymology

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

Pronunciation 1

This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

Letter

O

o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The twenty-third letter of the Latvian alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.
Usage notes

In native Latvian words (and in some older borrowings), o represents the sound of IPA (e.g., otrs ). In more recent borrowings, it represents the original sound of the word, i.e. or (e.g., opera ).

See also

Pronunciation 2

Noun

o m (invariable)

  1. The name of the Latin script letter O/o.
See also

Ligurian

Ligurian Definite Articles
singular plural
masculine o i
feminine  a e

Etymology

From earlier ro ← lo, from Latin illum, form of ille (“that”).

Pronunciation

Article

o m sg (plural i)

  1. the

Lithuanian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō. Cognate with Latgalian a and Proto-Slavic *a (“and, but”). From Proto-Indo-European *h₁od; compare Sanskrit आत् (āt, “afterwards, then, so”), Avestan 𐬁𐬀𐬝 (āat̰, “afterward, then”), perhaps the ablative singular of *h₁e- (“demonstrative pronoun”).

Pronunciation

IPA(key): /oː/

Conjunction

õ

  1. (coordinating, adversative) and, but (used to express binary contrasts)
    Taĩ ne kažkàs, ką̃ víenas gãli darýti, õ kìtas – nè. ― It's not something that some people can do and others can't.

Livonian

Pronunciation

Letter

o (upper case O)

  1. The twenty-second letter of the Livonian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

Lower Sorbian

Pronunciation

Letter

o (upper case O)

  1. The twenty-first letter of the Lower Sorbian alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.
  2. The name of the Latin-script letter o.

See also

Malay

Letter

o

  1. The fifteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

Maltese

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɔ/ (short phoneme)
  • IPA(key): /ɔː/ (long phoneme)
  • In inherited words, long o occurs only next to vowelised għ or h. In Romance words, it can be long on its own.

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The nineteenth letter of the Maltese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

Mandarin

Romanization

o (o5／o0, Zhuyin ˙ㄛ)

  1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 哦

Romanization

o

  1. Nonstandard spelling of ō.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of ó.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of ǒ.
  4. Nonstandard spelling of ò.

Usage notes

  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Maori

Particle

o

  1. of
    • 2006, Joanne Barker, Sovereignty Matters, page 208:
      In 1979 a gathering of elders at the Waananga kaumatua affirmed te reo Maori “Ko te reo te mauri o te mana Maori” the language is the life principle of Maori mana.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Usage notes

Used instead of a when the possessor has no control over the relationship (inalienable possession).

Masurian

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish o, from Proto-Slavic *o, ultimately a natural expression.

Pronunciation

Interjection

o

  1. oh! expression of surprise or outrage

Particle

o

  1. vocative particle; O!

Further reading

  • Zofia Stamirowska (1987-2021) “o”, in Anna Basara, editor, Słownik gwar Ostródzkiego, Warmii i Mazur‎, volume 5, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich Wydawnictwo Polskiej Akademii Nauk, →ISBN, pages 2-3

Mbyá Guaraní

Verb

o

  1. to go

Conjugation

    Conjugation of o
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person
inclusive 		1st person
exclusive 		2nd person 3rd person
xee aa ndee ereo ha'e oo nhande jaa ore oroo peẽ peo ha'e oo

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old French oh, from Latin ō.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Interjection

o

  1. oh, ah
Descendants
  • English: oh
  • Yola: o
References

Etymology 2

Article

o

  1. (rare) Alternative form of an (preconsonantal)

Etymology 3

Numeral

o

  1. Alternative form of oo (“one”)

Adjective

o

  1. Alternative form of oo (“first”)

See also

Middle Irish

Preposition

o

  1. Alternative spelling of ó

Middle Low German

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *awjō. Cognate with Old Norse ey (Swedish ö, Norwegian øy).

Pronunciation

Noun

ö

  1. island

Mokilese

Etymology

From Proto-Chuukic *yawo, from Proto-Micronesian *awo, from Proto-Oceanic *apon, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapən.

Noun

o

  1. fishing line

Navajo

Pronunciation

Letter

o

  1. The twenty-second letter of the Navajo alphabet
    ǫ = /õ˨/
    ó = /o˥/
    ǫ́ = /õ˥/
    oo = /oː˨˨/
    ǫǫ = /õː˨˨/
    óo = /oː˥˨/
    ǫ́ǫ = /õː˥˨/
    oó = /oː˨˥/
    ǫǫ́ = /õː˨˥/
    óó = /oː˥˥/
    ǫ́ǫ́ = /õː˥˥/

See also

Neapolitan

Etymology 1

From Latin aut.

Pronunciation

Particle

o

  1. or

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

IPA(key): /o/

Article

o m

  1. Alternative spelling of 'o (“the”)

Pronoun

o m (accusative)

  1. Alternative spelling of 'o (“him, it”)

Norwegian

Pronunciation

  • (letter name): IPA(key): /uː/
  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /uː/, /ʊ/, /ɔ/
  • Audio(file)

Letter

o

  1. The fifteenth letter of the Norwegian Bokmål alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Letter

o (upper case O, definite singular o-en, indefinite plural o-ar, definite plural o-ane)

  1. The fifteenth letter of the Norwegian Nynorsk alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Interjection

o

  1. (dated or humorous) oh

Pronoun

o

  1. (eye dialect) pronunciation spelling of ho

References

Nupe

Pronunciation

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The eighteenth letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

O'odham

Particle

o

  1. future tense marker: will; going to.

Usage notes

Not to be confused with ʼo, the third person copula.

See also

O'odham Auxiliary
singular plural
imperfective perfective future imperfective perfective future
first person long 'añ 'añt o 'c 'att o
short ñ ñt c tt
second person long 'ap 'apt 'am 'amt
short a pt m mt
third person long 'o 'at 'o
short t

References

  • Zepeda, Ofelia (1983) A Tohono Oʼodham Grammar, Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, page 169

Occitan

Etymology 1

From Latin aut.

Conjunction

o

  1. or

Etymology 2

Noun

o f (plural os)

  1. o (the letter o, O)

Old Galician-Portuguese

Etymology

From earlier lo, la, from Latin illum, illam (the initial l having disappeared; compare Spanish lo and la).

Pronunciation

Article

o

  2. the (masculine singular definite article)
    • 13th Century - Cantiga de Santa Maria no. 23
      Esta é como Santa Maria acrecentou o vinho no tonel, por amor da bõa dona de Bretanha.
      This is how Holy Mary added the wine to the barrel, out of love for the good lady of Britain;
    • 13th Century - Cantiga de Santa Maria no. 48
      Esta é como Santa Maria tolheu a agua da fonte ao cavaleiro.
      This is how Holy Mary restricted the water of the fountain from the knight.

Usage notes

  • O becomes -no and a becomes -na after nasal sounds:
    Non queria o meu coraçon nen-nos meus olhos. ― She wanted neither (the) my heart nor (the) my eyes.
    Ambas eran-nas melhores que (h)omen pode cousir. ― Both were the best that (a) man can contemplate.
  • O becomes -lo and a becomes -la after other consonants, and the preceding consonant is elided:
    E vós faredes depoi-lo melhor! ― And later ye shall do the best!
    Sobre toda-las bondades que ela (h)avia era que muito fiava en Santa Maria; ― Above all the virtues she possessed was how much she trusted Holy Mary.
  • O becomes el- in front of the noun rei:
    Deu ora el-rei seus dinheiros a Belpelho. ― The king, then, gave his money to Belpelho.
    Se fosse seu o tesouro que el-rei de França ten. ― Were it his the treasure that the king of France has.

Descendants

  • Galician: o
  • Portuguese: o

Old Irish

Preposition

o

  1. Alternative spelling of ó

Noun

o

  1. Alternative spelling of ó

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
o unchanged n-o
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Old Polish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *o(b). First attested in the 14th century.

Preposition

o

  1. about, concerning or
  2. on, against
  3. because of
  4. denotes location; at
  5. denotes location; at
  6. with, by means of
  7. (used in descriptions) with, having
  8. for
Descendants
  • Masurian: ô
  • Polish: o
  • Silesian: ô

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *o. First attested in the 14th century.

Interjection

o

  1. oh! expression of surprise or outrage
Descendants
  • Masurian: o
  • Polish: o

References

Old Spanish

Etymology

From Latin ubi (“where”). Cognate with French où (“where”), Italian dove (“where”), Portuguese u (“where”).

Adverb

o

  1. where

Usage notes

  • O has been displaced in Modern Spanish by donde.
  • O can be encountered in some Modern Spanish words such as doquiera (do (contraction of de ("of") + o ("where")) + quiera ("it may want"), literally " where it may want") and its apocopic form, doquier.

Pnar

Etymology

Compare Lamet ʔɔːʔ, Riang ʔoʔ¹.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

o

  1. I

Usage notes

  • It identifies A or S arguments and therefore "nominative". Its topic-position and accusative counterpart is nga.

Polish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and o for development of the glyph itself.

Letter

o (upper case O, lower case)

  1. The twentieth letter of the Polish alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.
See also

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Polish o.

Preposition

o

  1. about (concerning)
    Opowiedz mi o twojej pracy. ― Tell me about your job.
    Ta książka jest o potędze miłości. ― This book is about the power of love.
  2. at (telling the time)
    Spotkajmy się o piątej po południu. ― Let's meet at five PM.
  3. (used in descriptions) with, having
    Była piękną kobietą o długich jasnych włosach. ― She was a beautiful woman with long fair hair.
    chłopiec o zielonych oczach ― a boy with green eyes; a green-eyed boy
  4. on, against
    Nie opierajcie się o te drzwi. ― Don't lean on this door.
    Dziewczynka uderzyła głową o stół. ― The little girl hit her head on the table.
  5. for
    Weronika poprosiła mnie wczoraj o pomoc. ― Veronica asked me for help yesterday.
    Walczyliśmy dzielnie o naszą wolność. ― We were bravely fighting for our freedom.
  6. by (a difference)
    Spóźniła się o piętnaście minut. ― She was fifteen minutes late.
    Czuję się o wiele lepiej. ― I feel much better.
    Obniż podkład o dwa półtony. ― Lower the instrumental by two semitones.

Etymology 3

Inherited from Old Polish o, from Proto-Slavic *o, ultimately a natural expression.

Interjection

o

  1. oh! expression of surprise or outrage
    O mój boże... ― Oh my god...

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), o is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 533 times in scientific texts, 598 times in news, 724 times in essays, 607 times in fiction, and 610 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 3072 times, making it the 14th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

References

  1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “o”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎ (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 298

Further reading

  • o in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • o in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “o”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “o”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “o”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  • “O I”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 18.06.2019
  • “O II”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2019 August 19
  • Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], (Can we date this quote?)
  • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “o”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎
  • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “o”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861‎
  • J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1904), “o”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎ (in Polish), volume 3, Warsaw, page 429

Portuguese

Pronunciation

  • (letter): IPA(key): /ɔ/, /o/
  • (article, pronoun): IPA(key): /u/

Etymology 1

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

  2. The fifteenth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also

Etymology 2

From Old Galician-Portuguese o (compare Galician o), from Vulgar Latin lo, *illu, from Latin illum, from ille (with an initial l having disappeared; compare Spanish lo).

Article

o m (feminine a, masculine plural os, feminine plural as)

  2. the (masculine singular definite article)
Usage notes

For the most part, usage of the definite article in Portuguese is the same as in English. Some differences include:

  • it is optionally but commonly used with abstract mass nouns:
    O amor é melhor que a guerra. ― Love is better than war.
  • in Brazil, it can be optionally used with adjectival possessive pronouns, and mandatorily with substantival possessive pronouns; both are mandatory in Portugal:
    (O) meu livro é melhor que o seu. ― My book is better than yours.
  • it can be used with personal names; often this indicates familiarity with the person (due to personal connection with them or because they are famous); this is avoided in formal contexts:
    (O) João foi até a cidade. ― João went to the city.
    (O) Einstein foi um cientista famoso. ― Einstein was a famous scientist.
  • it is sometimes used instead of a possessive pronoun when the possessor is obvious from the context; this is especially prevalent when referring to parts of the body or one’s own relatives:
    O pai está viajando. ― (My) dad is travelling.
    Você falou com a tia? ― Did you talk with my/our aunt?
    Quando você quebrou os braços? ― When did you break your arms?
  • it is used in a construct that is uncommon in English but common in Portuguese whereby a singular is used as a representative or prototype of all instances of the thing:
    O carvalho é uma árvore grande. ― The oak is a big tree.
    A picape é responsável pela poluição. ― Pick-up trucks are responsible for the pollution.
  • it is much more commonly used with placenames; most names of countries, states, provinces and continents take the definite article, but only a minority of cities:
    Eu moro no Luxemburgo. ― I live in Luxembourg.
    O Rio de Janeiro fica no Brasil. ― Rio de Janeiro is in Brazil.
Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:o.

See also
Portuguese articles (edit)
Singular Plural
Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
Definite articles
(the) 		o a os as
Indefinite articles
(a, an; some) 		um uma uns umas

Pronoun

o m (personal)

  2. him, it (as a direct object; as an indirect object, see lhe; after prepositions, see ele)
Usage notes
  • Becomes -lo after verb forms ending in -r, -s, or -z, the pronouns nos and vos, and the adverb eis; the ending letter causing the change disappears.
    After ver: Posso vê-lo? ― May I see him/it?
    After conheces: Conhece-lo?. ― Do you know him/it?
    After fiz: Fi-lo ficar contente. ― I made him/it become happy.
    After nos: Deu-no-lo relutantemente. ― He gave him/it to us reluctantly.
    After eis: Ei-lo! ― Behold him/it!
  • Becomes -no after a nasal sound:
    Detêm-no como prisioneiro. ― They detain him/it as a prisoner.
    Põe-no aqui. ― Put him/it here.
  • In the colloquial speech of most of Brazil, it is abandoned in favor of the nominative form ele.
    Eu o vi. → Eu vi ele. ― I saw him/it.
Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:o.

See also

See Template:Portuguese personal pronouns for further pronouns.

Rapa Nui

FWOTD – 27 December 2012

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Proto-Polynesian *o.

Particle

o

  1. possessive particle marking an inalienable possession; of
    • 2008, Sharon Chester, A wildlife guide to Chile, page 15:
      Polynesians are thought to have arrived at Easter Island around AD 800. They called the island Rapa Nui, or more familiarly Te Pito o Te Henua, the Navel of the World.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Usage notes

Inserted before the relevant pronoun. Only for possessions like hands or parents that do not have the ability to no longer be yours; otherwise, use a.

Etymology 2

From Spanish o (“or”).

Conjunction

o

  1. or
Usage notes

Generally used in favor of complex native grammatical structures used to achieve the same ends.

Romani

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. (International Standard) The nineteenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
  2. (Pan-Vlax) The twentieth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also

Etymology 2

Article

o m sg (feminine singular i, plural e)

  1. the
    o rrom ― the Romani man
    o Parìzo ― Paris
Usage notes
  • The definite article is used with proper nouns (given names and place names) as well.
Declension
The definite article
number and gender m sg f sg pl
nominative o i e
oblique e

References

  • Yūsuke Sumi (2018) “o”, in ニューエクスプレス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, →ISBN, pages 21, 141

Romanian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The eighteenth letter of the Romanian alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.
Usage notes

See O.

See also

Etymology 2

From Latin ūna, feminine of ūnus, via an earlier form *uă, with irregular dropping of the -n- due to high frequency of usage; however, compare the Aromanian equivalent unã, which preserved it.

Article

o

  1. feminine singular nominative/accusative of un: a/an (indefinite article)
    O femeie frumoasă ― A beautiful woman
Related terms
See also
indefinite article forms singular plural
m, n f
nom/acc un o niște
gen/dat unui unei unor

Etymology 3

Interjection

o

  1. oh

Etymology 4

From an earlier (possibly Proto-Romanian) root *eaua, from Latin illam, accusative feminine singular of ille.

Pronoun

o f (unstressed accusative form of ea)

  1. (direct object) her
    O cunoști? ― Do you know her?
    O cunoști pe Iulia? ― Do you know Iulia?
    Am văzut-o ieri la școală. ― I saw her yesterday at school.
Related terms
  • îl (masculine equivalent)
  • le (plural)

Etymology 5

Verb

(el/ea) o (modal auxiliary, third-person singular form of vrea, used with infinitives to form presumptive tenses)

  1. (he/she) might

Etymology 6

From avea.

Verb

o (modal auxiliary, ? form of avea, used with ? to form ? tenses)

  1. (informal) Used to form a variant of the future tense together with the verb in the subjunctive mood.
    Synonym: vrea (as an auxiliary verb)
    O să vedem. ― We will see.
    El o să facă fasole. ― He will make beans.
Usage notes
  • In the third person plural, or is sometimes used instead of o.

Samoan

Preposition

o

  1. of

Sardinian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Italian o (“or”), from Latin aut (“or”), from Proto-Italic *auti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewti (“on the other hand”), derived from *h₂ew (“away from, off”). Doublet of a.

Conjunction

o

  1. or

Etymology 2

From Latin o (vocative particle).

Interjection

o

  1. (Logudorese, Campidanese) a vocative particle; o, hey
    O Frantziscu! ― Hey, Francis!

Determiner

o

  1. (Logudorese, Campidanese) used before epithets, describing the person being addressed, for emphasis; you
    Morta ti ses, o tessidora bella ― You died, you beautiful weaver

References

  • Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964) “o1”, in Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg
  • Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964) “o2”, in Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg

Scots

Etymology

From Middle English of, from Old English af, æf (“from, off, away”), from Proto-Germanic *ab (“away (from)”). Compare English of.

Preposition

o

  1. of

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology 1

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The thirteenth letter of the Scottish Gaelic alphabet, written in the Latin script. It is preceded by n and followed by p. Its traditional name is onn or oir (“gorse”).

See also

Etymology 2

From Middle Irish ó, from Old Irish ó. Cognates include Irish ó.

Pronunciation

Preposition

o (+ dative, triggers lenition, combined with the singular definite article on)

  1. from
    Synonyms: à, bho
  2. since
    Synonym: bho
Inflection
Personal inflection of o
Number Person Simple Emphatic
Singular 1st uam uamsa
2nd uat uatsa
3rd m uaithe uaithesan
3rd f uaipe uaipese
Plural 1st uainn uainne
2nd uaibh uaibhse
3rd uapa uapasan

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Letter

o (Cyrillic spelling о)

  1. The 21st letter of the Serbo-Croatian Latin alphabet (gajica), preceded by nj and followed by p.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *o(b), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi. See o-, ob-.

Pronunciation

Preposition

o (Cyrillic spelling о)

  1. on, against
    ob(j)esiti nešto o kuku ― to hang something on a hook
    udariti glavom o zid ― to hit one's head against the wall
    ogr(ij)ešiti se o zakon ― to violate a law (literally, “to make transgression against the law”)
  2. about, concerning, of, on
    brinuti se o nekome ― to take care of somebody
    v(ij)est o katastrofi ― news about the catastrophe
    R(ij)eč je o…, radi se o… ― It's about…, this refers to…
    Napisao sam esej o ranom srednjem vijeku. ― I wrote an essay on the Early Middle Ages.
Synonyms
  • (Croatia) ob

Sicilian

Etymology 1

From Latin ō (the name of the letter O).

Pronunciation

Noun

o f

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter O.

Etymology 2

From Latin aut.

Pronunciation

Conjunction

o

  1. or
    O ti manci ssa minestra o ti jetti dâ finestra.
    Either you eat soup or you throw yourself out the window.
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Eye dialectal form of ô (“(masculine singular) at/to the”).

Pronunciation

Preposition

o

  1. (eye dialect) Alternative form of ô

Etymology 4

Eye dialectal form of 'ô (“(masculine singular) of the”), from the lenition of rhoticized (and dialectal) rô, from dô, from an earlier and standard dû.

Pronunciation

Preposition

o

  1. (eye dialect) Alternative form of dû
    A fera o luni.
    The Monday market.
    (literally, “The market of the Monday.”)
    A strata o Càrminu.
    The street of the Carmine.

Etymology 5

From the vowel reduction of vô, dialectal form of vâ, which is the contracted form of the Univerbation of va' (“to go”, second-person singular imperative) +‎ a (“to, forward”, preposition).

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Verb

o

  1. (eye dialect) Alternative form of vâ (second-person singular, contracted double imperative)
    o caca!
    Go fuck yourself! (lit. go to shit)!
    O vidi chiḍḍu ca hâ fari!
    Go see what you have to do!.
Usage notes
  • The double indicative and the double imperative are Sicilian moods built with the first conjugated element using exclusively the present tense of the verbs jiri (to go) or vèniri (to come) connected with the preposition a (to) to a second conjugated action wich follows the tense, the number and the person of the first verbal element.
  • In the case of jiri, which is irregularly composed also of the theme derived from Latin vādō, can be contracted with the preposition a depending on the dialect.

Etymology 6

From Latin ō, eventually conflated with/from Ancient Greek ὦ (ô).

Alternative forms

  • oh (for the interjection meaning "oh")

Pronunciation

Interjection

o

  1. (usually oh) expresses surprise, joy, or pain: oh!; ah!
    Synonyms: bih, madonna, madò, marò, Di' ca lu fici, zu, zu lu bestia
  2. (usually oh) Typically used before a proper noun in the vocative or nominative case when addressing someone: O...
    O ma', po' vèniri cca!?
    mum, would you come here!?

Related terms

See also

Silesian

Etymology

The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Silesian language article on Wikipedia for more, and o for development of the glyph itself.

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The nineteenth letter of the Silesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

Skolt Sami

Pronunciation

Letter

o (upper case O)

  1. The twenty-fourth letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

Slovak

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *o(b), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi.

Pronunciation

Preposition

o

  1. about, concerning
    Synonyms: ohľadom, ohľadne
  2. at (indicates time)
    • 1921, Stanislav Klíma, Kozia skala In: Povesti zo Slovenska:
      O polnoci sa Kozia skala otvorila a božská panna z jaskyne vyšla.
      Kozia skala opened at midnight and a divine virgin came out of a cave.
  3. against, over, on (indicates the point of contact with another object)
    Synonyms: na, k, ku
    • 1955, Ladislav Nádaši-Jégé, Česť :
      Juro zhodil batoh, odopäl bajonet a praštil ho o stôl.
      Juro threw his bag down, unfastened the bayonet and slammed it against the table.
  4. by, often translated with a noun accompanied by an indefinite article or a numeral (indicates measure or degree)
    • 1910, Ľudmila Podjavorinská, Žena :
      Oddanca prevyšuje o hlavu, on takrečeno tratí sa pri jej mocnej, na mužského upomínajúcej postave.
      She is a head taller than her fiancé, it might be said that he is disappearing next to her mighty figure resembling that of a man.
  5. in, later (indicates the end of a period of time)
    Synonym: po
    • 1911, Jozef Gregor Tajovský, Jano Mráz :
      Už mal byť o rok posvätený, ale prišla cholera, a neúprosná smrť Ondríka skosila.
      It should have been blessed in a year, but cholera came and Ondrík was taken by merciless death.

Further reading

  • “o”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *o(b), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi.

Pronunciation

Preposition

o

  1. about, concerning

Somba-Siawari

Noun

o

  1. water
  2. liquid
  3. river

References

Spanish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /o/
  • Rhymes: -o
  • Syllabification: o
(file)

Etymology 1

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The sixteenth letter of the Spanish alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

Noun

o f (plural oes)

  1. Name of the letter O
Derived terms

See also

Etymology 2

From Latin aut.

Alternative forms

  • u (used before words beginning with an ‘o’ sound)
  • ò (archaic)
  • ó (obsolete, used near numbers to avoid confusion with a zero: 2 ó 3)

Conjunction

o

  1. or
    ¿Quieres un café o algo más?
    Do you want a coffee or something else?
Derived terms

Conjunction

o … o

  1. either … or
    Antonym: ni … ni
Derived terms

Further reading

Sranan Tongo

Etymology

Reduced form of go (“to go”).

Particle

o

  1. Verbal marker for the future tense.

Usage notes

For purely factual statements, sa is more common. This marker is mostly used for promises, or when the anticipation carries an emotive charge, such as hope or fear. For example, “I’ll see you” is not a purely factual statement; it implies, “I hope to see you (again, some time in the future)”. In Sranan Tongo, this is then expressed as “mi o si yu”.

See also

Swedish

Pronunciation

Letter name
Phoneme
  • IPA(key): /uː/, /ʊ/, /oː/, /ɔ/

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The fifteenth letter of the Swedish alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

Interjection

o

  1. O (particle)
    Så låt nu, o konung, härom utfärda ett förbud och sätta upp en skrivelse
    Now, O king, establish the decree, and sign the writing (Daniel 6:8)

Noun

o n

  1. the letter o
  2. the Greek letter omega, being the last letter of the Greek alphabet
    Jag är A och O, den förste och den siste, begynnelsen och änden.
    I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last. (Revelations 22:13)

Declension

Declension of o 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative o ot on ona
Genitive os ots ons onas

Alternative forms

Conjunction

o

  1. Abbreviation of och (“and”).
    Synonyms: &, å
    Snyggt o prydligt.
    Neat 'n' tidy.

Usage notes

  • In handwriting, this abbreviation is often spelled with an underline: o.

Tagalog

Etymology 1

From Spanish o. Each pronunciation has a different source:

  • Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English o.
  • Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by the Baybayin character ᜂ (u).
  • Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish o.

Pronunciation

  • (letter name): IPA(key): /ʔo/,
  • (letter name, Filipino alphabet alternative): IPA(key): /ˈʔow/,
  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /o/,
  • Rhymes: -o, -ow
  • Hyphenation: o

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O, Baybayin spelling ᜂ)

  1. The seventeenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (Filipino alphabet), called o and written in the Latin script.
  2. The thirteenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (Abakada alphabet), called o and written in the Latin script.
  3. (historical) The eighteenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (Abecedario), called o and written in the Latin script.
See also

Noun

o (Baybayin spelling ᜂ)

  1. the name of the Latin-script letter O, in the Filipino alphabet.
  2. the name of the Latin-script letter O, in the Abakada alphabet.
  3. (historical) the name of the Latin-script letter O, in the Abecedario.
Alternative forms
  • ow – Filipino alphabet letter
See also

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Spanish o (“or”), from Latin aut.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /o/,
  • Rhymes: -o
  • Hyphenation: o

Conjunction

o (Baybayin spelling ᜂ)

  1. or
    Synonyms: o kaya, dili kaya, (inclusive, obsolete) kung
    Sasama ka ba o dito ka lang?
    Are you coming along or will you just be here?
See also

Etymology 3

Compare Hokkien 乎 (hôⁿ / hô͘), English oh and Spanish oh.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Particle

o (Baybayin spelling ᜂ)

  1. (informal) sentence-ending particle used to express warning or to catch someone's attention.
    Nandiyan na naman siya o.
    He's at it again, see?
    Ganito kasi dapat 'yan o.
    You're supposed to do it like this, you see?
See also

Interjection

o (Baybayin spelling ᜂ) (informal)

  1. expression of surprise, wonder, amazement, or awe: oh!
    Hayop naman oh!
    Damn it, argh!
  2. used to catch someone's attention about a new topic, question, or story: so; oh!
  3. used to refer to something given or offered to someone: here you are! here you go!
    Synonym: heto
    O, ang regalo ko sa'yo.
    Here, my gift for you.
Derived terms

Further reading

  • “o”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Tat

Etymology

Compare Persian آب (âb).

Noun

o

  1. water

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English or.

Conjunction

o

  1. or

Tokelauan

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Proto-Polynesian *o. Cognates include Hawaiian o and Samoan o.

Preposition

o

  1. Marks inalienable possession; of
See also

Etymology 2

From Proto-Polynesian *o. Cognates include Hawaiian ō and Samoan o.

Interjection

o

  1. Answer to being called by name; yes

References

  • R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary‎, Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 33

Tooro

Pronunciation

Pronoun

-o (declinable)

  1. it, they (third-person personal pronoun)

Inflection

Inflected forms of -o
Noun class singular plural
1/2 we bo
3/4 gwo yo
5/6 lyo go
7/8 kyo byo
9/10 yo zo
11/10 rwo
12/14 ko bwo
13 two
14/6 bwo go
15/6 kwo
16 ho
17 kwo
18 mwo

See also

Tooro personal pronouns
Class Person Independent Possessive Subject concord Object concord Combined forms
na ni
Class 1 First nyowe, nye -ange n- -n- nanyowe, nanye ninyowe, ninye
Second iwe -awe o- -ku- naiwe niiwe
Third uwe -e a- -mu- nawe nuwe
Class 2 First itwe -aitu tu- -tu- naitwe niitwe
Second inywe -anyu mu- -ba- nainywe niinywe
Third abo -abo ba- -ba- nabo nubo
Class 3 gwo -agwo gu- -gu- nagwo nugwo
Class 4 yo -ayo e- -gi- nayo niyo
Class 5 lyo -alyo li- -li- nalyo niryo
Class 6 go -ago ga- -ga- nago nugo
Class 7 kyo -akyo ki- -ki- nakyo nikyo
Class 8 byo -abyo bi- -bi- nabyo nibyo
Class 9 yo -ayo e- -gi- nayo niyo
Class 10 zo -azo zi- -zi- nazo nizo
Class 11 rwo -arwo ru- -ru- narwo nurwo
Class 12 ko -ako ka- -ka- nako nuko
Class 13 two -atwo tu- -tu- natwo nutwo
Class 14 bwo -abwo bu- -bu- nabwo nubwo
Class 15 kwo -akwo ku- -ku- nakwo nukwo
Class 16 ho -aho ha- -ha- naho nuho
Class 17 (kwo) N/A ha-
(...-yo) 		-ha- N/A nukwo
Class 18 (mwo) -amwo ha-
(...-mu) 		-ha- N/A numwo
Reflexive -enyini, -onyini — -e- —

References

  • Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary‎, Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 412

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish او (o), from older اول (ol). Merger of Old Anatolian Turkish (ol) and (an, “she, he, that, it”), (Old Turkic 𐰆𐰞 (ul¹) and (an), respectively); both from Proto-Turkic *ol. Cognate with Karakhanid اُلْ (“he, she, it; that”) and Chinese 兀 (wù, “that”).

Pronunciation

Pronoun

o

  1. he, she, it

Declension

Inflection
Nominative o
Definite accusative onu
Singular Plural
Nominative o onlar
Definite accusative onu onları
Dative ona onlara
Locative onda onlarda
Ablative ondan onlardan
Genitive onun onların

See also

Turkish personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person ben biz
2nd person familiar sen siz
polite siz sizler
3rd person o onlar

Pronoun

o (demonstrative)

  1. that

See also

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The eighteenth letter of the Turkish alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

See also

Noun

o

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter O.

See also

Turkmen

Pronunciation

  • (phoneme) IPA(key): /o/, /oː/

Pronoun

o

  1. Alternative form of ol (“he, she, it”)

Letter

o (upper case O)

  1. The eighteenth letter of the Turkmen alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

See also

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Proto-Vietic *ʔɔː.

Noun

o • (姑, 𪦭)

  1. (Thanh Hoá, Nghệ An, Hà Tĩnh) paternal aunt, father's sister
Synonyms
Related terms

Classifier

o

  1. (Thanh Hoá, Nghệ An, Hà Tĩnh) indicates a young adult woman
    O du kích nhỏ giương cao súng.
    Thằng Mỹ lênh khênh bước cúi đầu.
    The small guerilla damsel holds her rifle high.
    The tall American dude totters, his head hanging low.

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Portuguese ó.

Noun

o

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter O.
Related terms
Related terms

Volapük

Pronunciation

Particle

o

  1. vocative case particle
    O flens löfik!
    Dear friends

Welsh

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

  • (with grave accent to indicate otherwise unpredictable short vowel) ò
  • (with acute accent to indicate unusually stressed short vowel) ó
  • (with circumflex to indicate otherwise unpredictable or unusually stressed long vowel) ô
  • (with diaeresis to indicate disyllabicity) ö

Pronunciation

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The nineteenth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by n and followed by p.
Mutation
  • o cannot be mutated but, being a vowel, does take h-prothesis, for example with the word oren (“orange”):
Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
oren unchanged unchanged horen
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.
Derived terms
See also

Noun

o f (plural oau)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter O.
Mutation
Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
o unchanged unchanged ho
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Etymology 2

Aphetic form of efô, reinforced form of ef

Pronunciation

Pronoun

o

  1. he, him
Usage notes

O is used predominantly in the north of Wales, while e is used in the south, with fo and fe as variants of o and e respectively after a vowel. In formal Welsh, the equivalent pronoun is ef.

Etymology 3

From Proto-Brythonic *o, from Proto-Celtic *ɸo, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂pó.

Pronunciation

Preposition

o (causes soft mutation)

  1. from
    Aethon ni o Gaerdydd i Abertawe.
    We went from Cardiff to Swansea.
  2. of, out of (partitive)
    Roedd llawer o frain yn y coed.
    There were a lot of crows in the trees.
    Mae'r tri ohonyn nhw'n dweud celwydd.
    The three of them are lying.
  3. Connects an adjective modifying another adjective (equivalent to adverb + adjective in English)
    arbennig o bwysig ― especially important
    ofnadwy o garedig ― awfully kind
  4. Connects a multi-word numeral to a plural noun
    Mae pedwar deg saith o weithwyr gyda'r cwmni.
    The company has forty-seven employees.

Inflection

Personal forms (literary)
Singular Plural
First person ohonof ohonom
Second person ohonot ohonoch
Third person ohono m
ohoni f 		ohonyn
Personal forms (colloquial)
Singular Plural
First person ohono i/fi, ohona i, ono i ohonon ni, onon ni
Second person ohonot ti, onot ti, ohona ti ohonoch chi, onoch chi
Third person ohono fe/fo, ono fe/fo m
ohoni hi, oni hi f 		ohonyn nhw, onyn nhw

Etymology 4

Possibly a conjunctive use of Etymology 3. Compare Old Irish ó (“when”).

Alternative forms

  • od (before a vowel)

Conjunction

o (causes aspirate mutation)

  1. (literary) if
  2. (literary) whether
Synonyms
Derived terms

Yola

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Middle English oo, an apocopic form of oon.

Alternative forms

Adjective

o

  1. one
    Synonym: oan
    • 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:
      O hardïshe o' anoor.
      One thing or another.

Etymology 2

From Middle English o.

Interjection

o

  1. oh
    • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 12, page 88:
      Than stalket, an gandelt, wie o! an gridane.
      Then stalked and wondered, with oh! and with grief.

Etymology 3

Preposition

o

  1. Alternative form of o' (“of”)
    • 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 93:
      Aar was a gooude puddeen maate o bran.
      There was a good pudding made of bran.
    • 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 94:
      Aar was Parick o Dearmoth, an dhen score besidh,
      There was Patrick o Deormod, and ten score beside,
    • 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 94:
      An a priesth o parieshe on his garrane baun,
      The priest of the parish on his white pony,
    • 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 94:
      Aar was a muskawn o buthther ee-laaide apan hoat shruaanès,
      There was a great heap of butter laid upon hot scraps,
    • 1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 104:
      An lea a pariesh o Kilmannan.
      And leave the parish of Kilmannan.

References

  • Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, pages 45, 88 & 93

Yoruba

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The sixteenth letter of the Yoruba alphabet, called ó and written in the Latin script.

Noun

ó

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter O.

See also

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Pronoun

o

  1. you (second-person singular non-honorific personal pronoun)

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Pronoun

ó

  1. he/she/it (third-person singular non-honorific personal pronoun)

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

Pronoun

o

  1. him, her, it (third-person singular object pronoun following a monosyllabic verb with a high-tone /o/)

Pronoun

ó

  1. him, her, it (third-person singular object pronoun following a monosyllabic verb with a low- or mid-tone /o/)

See also

Affirmative subject pronouns
singular plural or honorific
1st person mo a
2nd person o ẹ
3rd person ó wọ́n
Negative subject pronouns
singular plural or honorific
1st person mi / n a
2nd person o ẹ
3rd person wọn
Object pronouns
singular plural or honorific
1st person mi wa
2nd person ọ / ẹ yín
3rd person / ẹ̀ wọn
Note: except for yín, object pronouns have a high tone following a low or mid tone monosyllabic verb, and a mid tone following a high tone. For complex verbs, the tone does not change.
Emphatic pronouns
singular plural or honorific
1st person èmi àwa
2nd person ìwọ ẹ̀yin
3rd person òun àwọn

Etymology 5

Pronunciation

Interjection

o

  1. Used at the end of sentences to emphasize a statement.
    ẹ ṣeun o ― thank you!
Alternative forms
  • oo, ooo etc. (depending on the amount of emphasis)

Etymology 6

Clipping of kò.

Pronunciation

Particle

ò

  1. not (placed before a verb to negate it, frequently used after personal pronouns)

Etymology 7

Clipping of wò

Pronunciation

Verb

ò

  1. (Ekiti) Alternative form of wò (“to look at”)
    mò í ò ẹ ― I am looking at you!!

Zaghawa

Noun

o

  1. a living person

References

Zazaki

Pronoun

o

  1. he

See also

Zazaki personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person ez mı ma
2nd person familiar tı to şıma
polite şıma
3rd person o a ê

Pronoun

o (demonstrative)

  1. that

Zhuang

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Interjection

o (1957–1982 spelling o)

  1. Used to express compliance to a request; okay; sure
  2. Used to express realization or understanding; oh

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adjective

o (Sawndip forms 嗬 or 荷 or ⿰目荷, 1957–1982 spelling o)

  1. (dialectal, including Wuming) blue
    Synonym: lamz

Zou

Pronunciation

Particle

o

  1. Vocative particle; O

References

  • Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 59

Zulu

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The fifteenth letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.
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