obdurate

Mid-15th century, from Latin obduratus (“hardened”), form of obdūrō (“harden”), from ob- (“against”) + dūrō (“harden, render hard”), from durus (“hard”).^[1] Compare durable, endure.

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈɒbdʒʊɹɪt/, /ˈɒbdjʊɹɪt/, /ˈɒbdʒəɹɪt/, /-ət/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈɑbd(j)ʊɹɪt/, /ˈɑbd(j)əɹɪt/, /-ət/

• Audio (US):

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• Sometimes accented on the second syllable, especially by the older poets.

obdurate (comparative more obdurate, superlative most obdurate)

1. Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent.

   Synonym: (obsolete) obdure

   • 1594–1597, Richard Hooker, edited by J S, Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, , London: Will Stansby , published 1611, →OCLC, (please specify the page):

     […] sometimes the very custom of evil making the heart obdurate against whatsoever instructions to the contrary […]

   • 1594, [William Shakespeare], Venus and Adonis, 2nd edition, London: Richard Field, , →OCLC, [verse 34], lines :

     Art thou obdurate, flintie, hard as ſteele? / Nay more then flint, for ſtone at raine relenteth: […]

   • 1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. , London: [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker ; nd by Robert Boulter ; nd Matthias Walker, , →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: , London: Basil Montagu Pickering , 1873, →OCLC, lines 56–58:

     […] round he throws his baleful eyes
     That witness'd huge affliction and dismay
     Mixt with obdurate pride and stedfast hate:

   • 1818, Percy Bysshe Shelley, “(please specify the page)”, in The Revolt of Islam; , London: or C and J Ollier, ; by B M‘Millan, , →OCLC, stanza 9:

     But custom maketh blind and obdurate
     The loftiest hearts.

   • 2011 February 12, Les Roopanarine, “Birmingham 1 - 0 Stoke”, in BBC‎:

     An injury-time goal from Nikola Zigic against an obdurate Stoke side gave Birmingham back-to back Premier League wins for the first time in 14 months.

   • 2017 September 7, Ferdinand Mount, “Umbrageousness”, in London Review of Books‎:

     What Tharoor dismisses as mere ‘positive by-products’ Lalvani sees as central to the India the British left behind: the botanic gardens, the forest conservancies, the Archaeological Survey of India (brainchild of the otherwise obdurate Curzon) and the free press.

2. (obsolete) Physically hardened, toughened.
   • 2012, Stephen King, 11/22/63, page 827:

     The past is obdurate for the same reason a turtle's shell is obdurate: because the living flesh inside is tender and defenseless.

3. Hardened against feeling; hard-hearted.
   • 1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 13, in Vanity Fair , London: Bradbury and Evans , published 1848, →OCLC:

     I fear the gentleman to whom Miss Amelia's letters were addressed was rather an obdurate critic.

• (stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing): hardened, hard-hearted, impertinent, intractable, unrepentant, unyielding, recalcitrant

• obduracy

• durable, duration
• endure, endurance, enduring

obdurate (third-person singular simple present obdurates, present participle obdurating, simple past and past participle obdurated)

1. (transitive, obsolete) To harden; to obdure.

• taboured

obdūrāte

1. second-person plural present active imperative of obdūrō