obliger

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English

Etymology

oblige +‎ -er

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /əˈblaɪd͡ʒə(ɹ)/
  • Audio (Southern England)(file)

Noun

obliger (plural obligers)

  1. One who, or that which, obliges.
    • a. 1639, Henry Wotton, a letter to Edmund Bacon
      it is the natural property of the same heart, to be a gentle Interpreter, which is so noble an Obliger

References

Anagrams

French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French obliger, from Old French obligier, borrowed from Latin obligāre.

Pronunciation

Verb

obliger

  1. (transitive) to oblige, to require, to compel, to force someone (to do something: (transitive with à))
    Synonyms: contraindre, forcer
  2. (passive voice) (transitive with de) to have to
    Synonym: devoir
  3. (Louisiana) to help, to aid
    Synonym: aider

Conjugation

This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written oblige- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.

Conjugation of obliger (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple obliger
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple obligeant
/ɔ.bli.ʒɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle obligé
/ɔ.bli.ʒe/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present oblige
/ɔ.bliʒ/ 		obliges
/ɔ.bliʒ/ 		oblige
/ɔ.bliʒ/ 		obligeons
/ɔ.bli.ʒɔ̃/ 		obligez
/ɔ.bli.ʒe/ 		obligent
/ɔ.bliʒ/
imperfect obligeais
/ɔ.bli.ʒɛ/ 		obligeais
/ɔ.bli.ʒɛ/ 		obligeait
/ɔ.bli.ʒɛ/ 		obligions
/ɔ.bli.ʒjɔ̃/ 		obligiez
/ɔ.bli.ʒje/ 		obligeaient
/ɔ.bli.ʒɛ/
past historic2 obligeai
/ɔ.bli.ʒe/ 		obligeas
/ɔ.bli.ʒa/ 		obligea
/ɔ.bli.ʒa/ 		obligeâmes
/ɔ.bli.ʒam/ 		obligeâtes
/ɔ.bli.ʒat/ 		obligèrent
/ɔ.bli.ʒɛʁ/
future obligerai
/ɔ.bliʒ.ʁe/ 		obligeras
/ɔ.bliʒ.ʁa/ 		obligera
/ɔ.bliʒ.ʁa/ 		obligerons
/ɔ.bliʒ.ʁɔ̃/ 		obligerez
/ɔ.bliʒ.ʁe/ 		obligeront
/ɔ.bliʒ.ʁɔ̃/
conditional obligerais
/ɔ.bliʒ.ʁɛ/ 		obligerais
/ɔ.bliʒ.ʁɛ/ 		obligerait
/ɔ.bliʒ.ʁɛ/ 		obligerions
/ɔ.bli.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ 		obligeriez
/ɔ.bli.ʒə.ʁje/ 		obligeraient
/ɔ.bliʒ.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present oblige
/ɔ.bliʒ/ 		obliges
/ɔ.bliʒ/ 		oblige
/ɔ.bliʒ/ 		obligions
/ɔ.bli.ʒjɔ̃/ 		obligiez
/ɔ.bli.ʒje/ 		obligent
/ɔ.bliʒ/
imperfect2 obligeasse
/ɔ.bli.ʒas/ 		obligeasses
/ɔ.bli.ʒas/ 		obligeât
/ɔ.bli.ʒa/ 		obligeassions
/ɔ.bli.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ 		obligeassiez
/ɔ.bli.ʒa.sje/ 		obligeassent
/ɔ.bli.ʒas/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — oblige
/ɔ.bliʒ/ 		— obligeons
/ɔ.bli.ʒɔ̃/ 		obligez
/ɔ.bli.ʒe/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

Related terms

Further reading

Latin

Verb

obliger

  1. first-person singular present passive subjunctive of obligō

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French obligier, from Latin obligāre, present active infinitive of obligō.

Verb

obliger

  1. (transitive) to oblige

Conjugation

  • As parler except an extra e is inserted after the final g before a and o.
  • Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of obliger
infinitive simple obliger
compound avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2 simple obligeant
compound present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle obligé
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ie (i’) tu il, elle nous vous ilz, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present oblige obliges oblige obligeons obligez obligent
imperfect obligeois, obligeoys obligeois, obligeoys obligeoit, obligeoyt obligions, obligyons obligiez, obligyez obligeoient, obligeoyent
past historic obligea obligeas obligea obligeasmes obligeastes obligerent
future obligerai, obligeray obligeras obligera obligerons obligerez obligeront
conditional obligerois, obligeroys obligerois, obligeroys obligeroit, obligeroyt obligerions, obligeryons obligeriez, obligeryez obligeroient, obligeroyent
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que ie (i’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present oblige obliges oblige obligeons obligez obligent
imperfect obligeasse obligeasses obligeast obligeassions obligeassiez obligeassent
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — oblige — obligeons obligez —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château , Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château , op. cit., p. 180).

Descendants

  • French: obliger
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