Hello, you have come here looking for the meaning of the word od. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word od, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say od in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word od you have here. The definition of the word od will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition ofod, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
^ Charles von Reichenbach [i.e., Carl Reichenbach] (1850) “Sixth Treatise. The Material World in General.”, in Physico-psychological Researches on the Dynamics of Magnetism, Electricity, Heat, Light, Crystallization, and Chemism, in Their Relations to Vital Force., London: Hippolyte Baillière,, →OCLC, paragraph 215, page 224:
Leaving the etymological derivation to be justified at some other opportunity, I will take the liberty to propose the short word Od for the force which we are engaged in examining. Every one will admit it to be desirable that an uni-syllabic word beginning with a vowel should be selected for an object which occurs universally in an infinity of complex conditions of the material world, for the sake of convenient conjunction in the manifold compound words. The words magnetism, electricity, &c., are by far too long for convenient use in the language of science.
Inherited from Proto-Slavic*otъ. The final d is due to analogy with other prepositions such as nad and pod. First attested in the first half of the 14th century.
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), od is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 477 times in scientific texts, 319 times in news, 310 times in essays, 371 times in fiction, and 303 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 1780 times, making it the 23rd most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.
References
^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “od”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 309
Further reading
od in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “od”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
“OD”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2010 May 24
Plastika se proizvodi od nafte. ― Plastic is made from oil.
U slamovima, ljudi često žive u kućama napravljenim od otpadnog metala. ― In slums, people often live in houses made out of scrap metal.
(proscribed,passive voice)(+ genitive case)by (usually followed by strane ("side/party") denoting the party which is doing the action; active form is preferred in formal language)
Bomba je bila pronađena od (strane) policije. ― The bomb was found by the police.
because of, from, with (denoting a direct or indirect cause)
Umrla je od raka kože. ― She died of skin cancer.
Umrla je od alkoholizma. ― She died from alcoholism.
Unusually for a monosyllabic word ending in a monophthong and single d, the current spelling of this word does not require the grave accent to indicate that the vowel is short. Likewise, there is a circumflex in the word ôd to show that its vowel is long. Compare this to regular spellings such as mwd and mẁd or nod and nòd. This phenomenon of not requiring a grave accent where one may expect it is more common in well-established grammatical words such as od below. See also os, nid or nag for similar cases.