odi

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See also: Odi, ODI, Odi-, odî, òdi, óði, and øði

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin odium. Doublet of oi.

Pronunciation

Noun

odi m (plural odis)

  1. hatred

Related terms

Further reading

Italian

Pronunciation

Noun

odi m pl

  1. plural of odio

Noun

odi f pl

  1. plural of ode

Verb

odi

  1. inflection of udire:
    1. second-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Verb

odi

  1. inflection of odiare:
    1. second-person singular present indicative
    2. first/second/third-person singular present subjunctive
    3. third-person singular imperative

Anagrams

Latin

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃e-h₃ód-e ~ h₃e-h₃d-ḗr, reduplicated perfect from the root *h₃ed- (“to hate; to start hating?”).

Pronunciation

Verb

ōdī (present infinitive ōdisse, future participle ōsūrus); fourth conjugation, perfect forms have present meaning, no supine stem except in the future active participle

  1. to have an aversion towards, to hate, dislike
    • 23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horace, Odes 1.38.1–2:
      Persicōs ōdī, puer, apparātūs,
      displicent nexae philyrā corōnae.
      • Translation by A.Z. Foreman
        My boy: I hate the filigree of Persia.
        Linden-sewn garlands chafe me with their glamor.
    • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Exodus.20.5:
      Nōn adōrābis ea, neque colēs: ego sum Dominus Deus tuus fortis, zēlōtēs, vīsitāns inīquitātem patrum in fīliōs, in tertiam et quārtam generātiōnem eōrum quī ōdērunt mē.
      Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the LORD thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me.
  2. (with infinitive) to feel reluctant to, to hate to, to be loath to
    • 23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horace, Odes 2.16:
      Laetus in praesēns animus quod ultrā est
      ōderit cūrāre
      And let the mind that's happy in the moment
      'Bout that which lies before be loath to worry

Usage notes

Irregular for historical reasons as well as to avoid near-homophony (especially for non-urban speakers) with forms of audeō and audiō:

  • Used to express a stative meaning, inheriting the Proto-Indo-European usage. As a result, no usual aspectual distinction (imperfect-perfect) is possible.
  • The perfect tense expresses a present stative meaning. The pluperfect expresses a past stative meaning.
  • Perōsus and exōsus are used in place of present active participles; ōsus is archaic in this function.
  • To express the passive meaning, various expressions with odium are mainly used.

The form odīvī, classically a solecism, is attested already by the end of the Republic in the past aoristic function; in Late Latin, the imperfect odiō becomes common (see it for details), supplementing ōdī in the present, while perōsus and exōsus acquire the passive meaning.

Conjugation

   Conjugation of ōdī (fourth conjugation, no present stem, no supine stem except in the future active participle, active only, perfect forms as present, pluperfect as imperfect, future perfect as future)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present ōdī ōdistī ōdit ōdimus ōdistis ōdērunt,
ōdēre
imperfect ōderam ōderās ōderat ōderāmus ōderātis ōderant
future ōderō ōderis ōderit ōderimus ōderitis ōderint
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present ōderim ōderīs ōderit ōderīmus ōderītis ōderint
imperfect ōdissem ōdissēs ōdisset ōdissēmus ōdissētis ōdissent
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives ōdisse — ōsūrum esse — — —
participles — — ōsūrus — — —

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

  • ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *odiō
    • Old Catalan: ujar
  • Borrowings:

References

  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “odī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 425
  2. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*h₃ed-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 296
  • “ōdī” on page 1364 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012)
  • Landgraf, Gustav (1884) “Das Defektivum 'odi' und sein Ersatz”, in Archiv für lateinische Lexicographie und Grammatik mit Einschluss des älteren Mittellateins‎

Further reading

  • “odi”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “odi”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • odi in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Latvian

Noun

odi m

  1. nominative/vocative plural of ods

Verb

odi

  1. second-person singular past indicative of ost

Lombard

Etymology

From Latin odium.

Noun

odi

  1. hatred

Old High German

Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *auþī, from Proto-Germanic *auþijaz.

Adjective

ōdi

  1. empty, desolate, void
Descendants

Etymology 2

From Proto-West Germanic *auþī, from Proto-Germanic *auþuz.

Adjective

ōdi

  1. easy, light
Derived terms

Sranan Tongo

Etymology

From English howdy.

Noun

odi

  1. A greeting; good wishes, regards

Interjection

odi

  1. greetings, good day
    • ca. 1765, Pieter van Dyk, Nieuwe en nooit bevoorens geziene Onderwyzinge in het Bastert, of Neeger Engels, zoo als het zelve in de Hollandsze Colonien gebruikt word [New and unprecedented instruction in Bastard or Negro English, as it is used in the Dutch colonies]‎, Frankfurt/Madrid: Iberoamericana, retrieved 20 March 2021:
      Odi mijn heer hoe fa joe tan gran tanki fo myn heer a komi ja fo loeke da pranasie wan trom.
      Good day, Sir, how are you? Many thanks to Sir, (that) he has come here to look at the plantation on this occasion.

Derived terms

Volapük

Pronoun

odi

  1. accusative singular of od

Welsh

Etymology

Possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pet-.

Pronunciation

Verb

odi (first-person singular present odaf)

  1. (literary) (North Wales) to snow
    Synonym: bwrw eira
  2. (literary) to throw, to hurl
    Synonyms: lluchio, taflu

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future odaf odi od, oda odwn odwch odant odir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional 		odwn odit odai odem odech odent odid
preterite odais odaist ododd odasom odasoch odasant odwyd
pluperfect odaswn odasit odasai odasem odasech odasent odasid, odesid
present subjunctive odwyf odych odo odom odoch odont oder
imperative — od, oda oded odwn odwch odent oder
verbal noun odi
verbal adjectives odedig
odadwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms singular plural
first second third first second third
future oda i, odaf i odi di odith o/e/hi, odiff e/hi odwn ni odwch chi odan nhw
conditional odwn i, odswn i odet ti, odset ti odai fo/fe/hi, odsai fo/fe/hi oden ni, odsen ni odech chi, odsech chi oden nhw, odsen nhw
preterite odais i, odes i odaist ti, odest ti ododd o/e/hi odon ni odoch chi odon nhw
imperative — oda — — odwch —
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
odi unchanged unchanged hodi
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “odi”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Yoruba

Etymology 1

From ò- (“nominalizing prefix”) +‎ dì (“to block”)

Pronunciation

Noun

òdì

  1. opposite or converse of something; negative
  2. antonym
  3. antithesis
  4. wrong side, deviance, aberration
    Synonym: òdìkejì
    O ti wọ òdì aṣọ. ― You've worn your clothes inside out.
Derived terms

Etymology 2

From o- (“nominalizing prefix”) +‎ dì (“to block”)

Pronunciation

Noun

odì

  1. grudge, malice, feud
    wọ́n ń ṣe odì pẹ̀lú ara wọn
    They were having malice towards one another
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Noun

odì

  1. (Ijebu, historical) class of royal messengers
    Synonym: ẹmẹsẹ̀

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

Noun

òdí

  1. anger, range
    Synonym: ìbínú
    ọmọ yẹ́n fa òdí yọ
    That child responded with anger
Derived terms

Etymology 5

Pronunciation

Noun

odi

  1. wall, fortress; (especially) walls around a city or town
Derived terms
Related terms

Etymology 6

Pronunciation

Noun

odi

  1. deaf and or mute person
    Synonyms: odinúyàn, adití
    ọmọ́ ti ya odi
    The child has become deaf

Etymology 7

Pronunciation

Noun

odi

  1. heavy bunch of fruit
    Synonyms: pádi, gban̄gba
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