ombudsman
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See also: ombudsmän
English
Etymology
Borrowed from Swedish ombudsman (equivalent to ombud (“representative, proxy”) + man), from Old Norse umboðsmaðr.
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /ˈɒmbədzmən/
- (US, Canada) IPA(key): /ˈɑmbədzmən/
- (Philippine, nonstandard) IPA(key): /ɒmˈbʊdzmən/
Audio (AU) (file) - (US)
(file)
Noun
ombudsman (plural ombudsmen)
- An appointed official whose duty is to investigate complaints, generally on behalf of individuals such as consumers or taxpayers, against institutions such as companies and government departments.
- A designated internal mediator in an organization whose duty is to assist members with conflict resolution and other problems and to serve as an independent consultant to recommend changes to policies or procedures to improve organization effectiveness, efficiency, and humaneness.
Usage notes
- Derived from Swedish, where the suffix -man is not always gender specific. Nevertheless, the words ombud, ombuds, ombudsperson, and ombudswoman have been coined to remedy the perceived gender-specificity of ombudsman in English.
Derived terms
Translations
official who investigates complaints
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Cebuano
Etymology
From English ombudsman, borrowed from Swedish ombudsman, from Old Norse umboðsmaðr.
Noun
ombudsman
- an ombudsman
Czech
Etymology
Borrowed from Swedish ombudsman, from Old Norse umboðsmaðr.
Pronunciation
Noun
ombudsman m anim
Declension
Declension of ombudsman (hard masculine animate)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | ombudsman | ombudsmani |
| genitive | ombudsmana | ombudsmanů |
| dative | ombudsmanovi, ombudsmanu | ombudsmanům |
| accusative | ombudsmana | ombudsmany |
| vocative | ombudsmane | ombudsmani |
| locative | ombudsmanovi, ombudsmanu | ombudsmanech |
| instrumental | ombudsmanem | ombudsmany |
Dutch
Etymology
From Swedish ombudsman, from Old Norse umboðsmaðr.
Pronunciation
Noun
ombudsman m (plural ombudsmannen, diminutive ombudsmannetje n)
Derived terms
- ombudsvrouw
- ombudspersoon, ombudsmens (jocular)
French
Etymology
Borrowed from Swedish ombudsman, from Old Norse umboðsmaðr.
Pronunciation
Noun
ombudsman m or f by sense (plural ombudsmans)
- an appointed official within an organization whose duty is to investigate complaints against that organization by its customers, taxpayers, and sometimes employees, and often to act as a consultant to improve services and processes
Usage notes
- In Quebec, the office in government services is called protecteur du citoyen. A similar office in France is that of the médiateur, though its precise functions differ.
Indonesian
Etymology
From English ombudsman, from Swedish ombudsman, from Old Norse umboðsmaðr.
Noun
ombudsman (first-person possessive ombudsmanku, second-person possessive ombudsmanmu, third-person possessive ombudsmannya)
Further reading
- “ombudsman” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Polish
Etymology
Borrowed from Swedish ombudsman.
Pronunciation
Noun
ombudsman m pers
Declension
Declension of ombudsman
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | ombudsman | ombudsmani/ombudsmany (deprecative) |
| genitive | ombudsmana | ombudsmanów |
| dative | ombudsmanowi | ombudsmanom |
| accusative | ombudsmana | ombudsmanów |
| instrumental | ombudsmanem | ombudsmanami |
| locative | ombudsmanie | ombudsmanach |
| vocative | ombudsmanie | ombudsmani |
Further reading
- ombudsman in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- ombudsman in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Portuguese
Etymology
From Swedish ombudsman, from Old Norse umboðsmaðr.
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: om‧buds‧man
Noun
ombudsman m (plural ombudsmen or ombudsmans or ombudsman)
- ombudsman (official who investigates complaints)
Romanian
Etymology
Borrowed from English ombudsman, from Swedish ombudsman, from Old Norse umboðsmaðr.
Noun
ombudsman m (plural ombudsmani or ombudsmeni)
Declension
Declension of ombudsman
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
| nominative/accusative | (un) ombudsman | ombudsmanul | (niște) ombudsmani | ombudsmanii |
| genitive/dative | (unui) ombudsman | ombudsmanului | (unor) ombudsmani | ombudsmanilor |
| vocative | ombudsmanule | ombudsmanilor | ||
Declension of ombudsman
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
| nominative/accusative | (un) ombudsman | ombudsmanul | (niște) ombudsmeni | ombudsmenii |
| genitive/dative | (unui) ombudsman | ombudsmanului | (unor) ombudsmeni | ombudsmenilor |
| vocative | ombudsmanule | ombudsmenilor | ||
See also
References
- ombudsman in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
Borrowed from Swedish ombudsman, from Old Norse umboðsmaðr.
Pronunciation
Noun
ombùdsman m (Cyrillic spelling омбу̀дсман)
- ombudsman
- Synonym: pučki pravobranitelj
Spanish
Noun
ombudsman m or f by sense (plural ombúdsmanes)
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Swedish umbuds man or ombud (“representative, proxy”) + man. The origin of the word is found in Old Norse umboðsmaðr and the word “umbuds man”, meaning representative. The first preserved use in Swedish is from 1552.
Pronunciation
Noun
ombudsman c
Declension
| Declension of ombudsman | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | ombudsman | ombudsmannen | ombudsmän | ombudsmännen |
| Genitive | ombudsmans | ombudsmannens | ombudsmäns | ombudsmännens |
Related terms
Descendants
Descendants of ombudsman in other languages
- → Armenian: օմբուդսմեն (ōmbudsmen)
- → Dutch: ombudsman
- → English: ombudsman
- → Russian: омбудсмен (ombudsmen)
- → Georgian: ომბუდსმენი (ombudsmeni)
- → German: Ombudsmann
- → Portuguese: ombudsman
- → Serbo-Croatian: ombudsman
References
- ombudsman in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- ombudsman in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- ombudsman in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
Turkish
Etymology
From English ombudsman, from Swedish ombudsman, from Old Norse umboðsmaðr.
Pronunciation
Noun
ombudsman (definite accusative ombudsmanı, plural ombudsmanlar)