operio

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Latin

Etymology

    From Proto-Italic *opwerjō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ópi (“at, near”) (whence ob) + *h₂wer- (“to cover, shut”) +‎ *-ye-.[1] Cognate with Sanskrit अपिवृणोति (apivṛṇoti, “to close, cover”), Oscan veru (“door”, pl.), Ancient Greek ἀείρω (aeírō, “to lift, raise”), Lithuanian atvérti (“to open”), Proto-Slavic *ot(ъ)verti (“to open”), and Old Armenian գեր (ger, “above, hyper-”). See also aperiō.

    Pronunciation

    Verb

    operiō (present infinitive operīre, perfect active operuī, supine opertum); fourth conjugation

    1. to cover (over something); envelop
    2. (by extension) to shut, close
      Synonyms: inclūdō, interclūdō, claudō, intersaepiō, arceō, obserō
      Antonyms: adaperiō, aperiō, patefaciō
    3. (figuratively) to hide, conceal, dissemble
      Synonyms: vēlō, dissimulō, occultō, indūcō, obnūbō, occulō, condō, recondō, verrō, obruō, adoperiō, nūbō, tegō, abdō, abscondō, comprimō, prōtegō, cooperiō, premō, opprimō, mergō
      Antonyms: adaperiō, aperiō
    4. (figuratively) to overwhelm, burden
    5. (figuratively, of a sin) to atone for, cover, cause to be forgotten

    Conjugation

       Conjugation of operiō (fourth conjugation)
    indicative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present operiō operīs operit operīmus operītis operiunt
    imperfect operiēbam operiēbās operiēbat operiēbāmus operiēbātis operiēbant
    future operiam operiēs operiet operiēmus operiētis operient
    perfect operuī operuistī operuit operuimus operuistis operuērunt,
    operuēre
    pluperfect operueram operuerās operuerat operuerāmus operuerātis operuerant
    future perfect operuerō operueris operuerit operuerimus operueritis operuerint
    passive present operior operīris,
    operīre     		operītur operīmur operīminī operiuntur
    imperfect operiēbar operiēbāris,
    operiēbāre     		operiēbātur operiēbāmur operiēbāminī operiēbantur
    future operiar operiēris,
    operiēre     		operiētur operiēmur operiēminī operientur
    perfect opertus + present active indicative of sum
    pluperfect opertus + imperfect active indicative of sum
    future perfect opertus + future active indicative of sum
    subjunctive singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present operiam operiās operiat operiāmus operiātis operiant
    imperfect operīrem operīrēs operīret operīrēmus operīrētis operīrent
    perfect operuerim operuerīs operuerit operuerīmus operuerītis operuerint
    pluperfect operuissem operuissēs operuisset operuissēmus operuissētis operuissent
    passive present operiar operiāris,
    operiāre     		operiātur operiāmur operiāminī operiantur
    imperfect operīrer operīrēris,
    operīrēre     		operīrētur operīrēmur operīrēminī operīrentur
    perfect opertus + present active subjunctive of sum
    pluperfect opertus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
    imperative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present — operī — — operīte —
    future — operītō operītō — operītōte operiuntō
    passive present — operīre — — operīminī —
    future — operītor operītor — — operiuntor
    non-finite forms active passive
    present perfect future present perfect future
    infinitives operīre operuisse opertūrum esse operīrī opertum esse opertum īrī
    participles operiēns — opertūrus — opertus operiendus,
    operiundus
    verbal nouns gerund supine
    genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
    operiendī operiendō operiendum operiendō opertum opertū

    Derived terms

    References

    1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “operiō, -īre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 429

    Further reading

    • “operio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • “operio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • operio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
    • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
      • to uncover one's head: caput aperire (opp. operire)
      • to close the eyes of a dying person: oculos operire (morienti)
      • (ambiguous) to put the finishing touch to a work: extrema manus accēdit operi (active extremam manum imponere operi)
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