orcaid

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Old Irish

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *orgeti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erg- (perish). Cognate with Hittite 𒄯𒀝𒍣 (ḫar-ak-zi /⁠ḫarkzi⁠/) and Old Armenian հարկնանեմ (harknanem, strike).[1]

Pronunciation

Verb

orcaid (conjunct ·oirc or ·oirg, verbal noun orcun)

  1. kills, slays
    Synonym: marbaid
    • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 77a10
      In n-íírr?
      Will you slay?
    • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 77a15
      Is dúnn imchumurc fil isin chanóin fris·gair lessóm a n‑imchomarc n-ísiu .i. ne occideris .i. in ⸉n‑í⸊írr-siu .i. non. .i. nís·n‑ulemairbfe ci asid·roilliset.
      It is to the interrogation that is in the Scripture text that this interrogation answers with him, i.e. ne occideris i.e. will you sg slay i.e. non i.e. you will not slay them all although they have deserved it.
    • c. 850-875, Turin Glosses and Scholia on St Mark, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 484–94, Tur. 110c
      Ba bés leusom do·bertis dá boc leu dochum tempuil, ⁊ no·léicthe indala n‑ái fon díthrub co pecad in popuil, ⁊ do·bertis maldachta foir, ⁊ n⟨o⟩·oircthe didiu and ó popul tar cenn a pecthae ind aile.
      It was a custom with them that two he-goats were brought by them to the temple, and one of the two of them was let go to the wilderness with the sin of the people, and curses were put upon him, and thereupon the other was slain there by the people for their sins.

Inflection

This verb augments to form perfect forms with the usual prefix ro-. However, virtually all its compounds use com- instead for this purpose.

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Middle Irish: oirgid, airgid

Mutation

Mutation of orcaid
radical lenition nasalization
orcaid
(pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)
unchanged n-orcaid

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 300

Further reading