os

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "os"

Translingual

Symbol

os

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Ossetian.

English

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin os (“a bone”).

Pronunciation

Noun

os (plural ossa)

  1. (anatomy) Synonym of bone.
    • 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume III, London: A Millar, , →OCLC:
      I was once, I remember, called to a patient who had received a violent contusion in his tibia, by which the exterior cutis was lacerated, so that there was a profuse sanguinary discharge; and the interior membranes were so divellicated, that the os or bone very plainly appeared through the aperture of the vulnus or wound.
Usage notes

Used in anatomical terminology (e.g., Terminologia Anatomica) and sometimes by doctors and surgeons in practice, but seldom used by medical laypeople.

Hyponyms
Derived terms
Translations
Translations

Etymology 2

Unadapted borrowing from Latin ōs (“the mouth”).

Pronunciation

Noun

os (plural ora)

  1. (anatomy, sometimes botany) An opening or entrance to a passage, particularly one at either end of the cervix, internal (to the uterus) or external (to the vagina).
    Synonym: orifice
    • 1891, Texas Medical Association, Transactions, volume 23, page 175:
      The instrument closed, as seen in Fig. 1, is then passed along the finger to the os, in and through the cervix up to the fundus of the uterus, which may be determined both by the distance and the resistance to the broad rounded head of the Capiat.
    • 2009 July 6, Armen Takhtajan, Flowering Plants, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN:
      […] monocolpate (“unisulcate”) pollen grains still have a continuous aperture membrane devoid of special openings (ora) in the exine for the emergence of the pollen tube.
Translations

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Swedish ås.

Pronunciation

Noun

os (plural osar)

  1. An osar or esker.

Etymology 4

From o +‎ -s.

Pronunciation

Noun

os

  1. (rare) Alternative form of o's.

References

Anagrams

Aragonese

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *lōs, from Latin illōs.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈos/
  • Rhymes: -os
  • Syllabification: os

Article

os m pl

  1. the
    Os lugars d'Aragón
    The villages of Aragon

Usage notes

  • The form los, either pronounced as los or as ros, can be found after words ending with -o.
  • Some dialects use the form els, often shortened to es.

Aromanian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Latin ossum, from os. Compare Romanian os.

Noun

os n (plural oasi or oase)

  1. bone

Derived terms

Catalan

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Catalan os, from Latin ossum, non-standard variant of os.

Pronunciation

Noun

os m (plural ossos)

  1. bone
Derived terms
Related terms

Etymology 2

l'ós bru

Inherited from Latin ursus. Compare Spanish oso, Occitan ors, French ours.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

os m (plural ossos, feminine ossa)

  1. bear (mammal)
Derived terms
specific species of bear
other non-ursine mammals

Further reading

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Noun

os

  1. plural of o (“the letter O”)

Danish

Etymology 1

From Old Norse oss (“us”).

Pronunciation

Pronoun

os

  1. us, objective of vi
  2. (reflexive) ourselves
  3. (pluralis majestatis) ourself
See also
Danish personal pronouns
Number Person Type Nominative Oblique Possessive
common neuter plural
Singular First – jeg mig min mit mine
Second modern / informal du dig din dit dine
formal De Dem Deres
Third masculine (person) han ham hans
feminine (person) hun hende hendes
common(noun) den dens
neuter(noun) det dets
reflexive – sig sin sit sine
Plural First modern vi os vores
archaic / formal vor vort vore
Second – I jer jeres
Third – de dem deres
reflexive – sig

Etymology 2

Disputed.

Pronunciation

Noun

os c (singular definite osen, not used in plural form)

  1. smoke
  2. reek
  3. fug

Verb

os

  1. imperative of ose

Daur

Etymology

From Proto-Mongolic *usun. Compare Mongolian ус (us).

Pronunciation

Noun

os

  1. water
    En osii ter nyadem waagw tunpund suree.
    Please pour water into that washbowl.

References

  • Henry G. Schwarz, The Minorities of Northern China: A Survey (1984), page 140: 'water' Daur os

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch osse, from Old Dutch *osso, earlier *ohso, from Proto-Germanic *uhsô.

Pronunciation

Noun

os m (plural ossen, diminutive osje n)

  1. ox (a castrated bull)

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Afrikaans: os
  • Negerhollands: os

Further reading

  • “os” in Woordenlijst Nederlandse Taal – Officiële Spelling, Nederlandse Taalunie.

Fala

Alternative forms

  • us (Lagarteiru, Valverdeñu)

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese os, from Latin illōs.

Article

os m pl (singular o, feminine a, feminine plural as)

  1. (Mañegu) Masculine plural definite article; the
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:
      En esti territorio se han assentau, en os anus que se indican, os habitantis siguientis:
      In this territory there were living, in the years specified, the following (amount of) inhabitants:

Pronoun

os

  1. (Mañegu) Third person plural masculine accusative pronoun; them

See also

Fala personal pronouns
nominative dative accusative disjunctive
first person singular ei me, -mi mi
plural common nos musL
nusLV
nos, -nusM 		nos
masculine noshotrusM noshotrusM
feminine noshotrasM noshotrasM
second person singular tú te, -ti ti
plural common vos vusLV
vos, -vusM 		vos
masculine voshotrusM voshotrusM
feminine voshotrasM voshotrasM
third person singular masculine el le, -li uLV, oM el
feminine ela a ela
plural masculine elis usLV, osM elis
feminine elas as elas
reflexive — se, -si sí

References

  • Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎, 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French os, from Latin ossum, popular variant of os, ossis, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”), *h₂óst.

Pronunciation

  • (singular) IPA(key): /ɔs/
  • (plural) IPA(key): /o/
  • After consonants other than /z/, the plural may alternatively be pronounced like the singular (cf. the same in œufs).
  • Colloquially, some speakers use the hybrid form /os/ for both singular and plural.

Noun

os m (plural os)

  1. bone
    Le chien a enterré un os.
    The dog buried a bone.
  2. (informal) snag, hitch
    Synonyms: hic, accroc, anicroche
    Il y a un os. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Derived terms

Further reading

Anagrams

Galician

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese os, from Vulgar Latin *los, from Latin illōs, accusative plural of ille (“that”).

Pronunciation

Article

os m pl (masculine singular o, feminine singular a, feminine plural as)

  1. (definite) the
Usage notes

The definite article o (in all its forms) regularly forms contractions when it follows the prepositions a (“to”), con (“with”), de (“of, from”), and en (“in”). For example, con os ("with the") contracts to cos, and en os ("in the") contracts to nos.

Derived terms

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronoun

os

  1. accusative of eles

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

From Portuguese osso. Cognate with Kabuverdianu osu.

Noun

os

  1. bone

Irish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old Irish oss, from Proto-Celtic *uxsū, from Proto-Indo-European *uksḗn (“bull”).

Noun

os m (genitive singular ois, nominative plural ois)

  1. (literary) deer
    Synonym: fia
Declension
Declension of os

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative os ois
Vocative a ois a osa
Genitive ois os
Dative os ois

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an t-os na hois
Genitive an ois na n-os
Dative leis an os

don os

leis na hois

Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Old Irish úas, ós, from Proto-Celtic *ouxsos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ewps-.

Preposition

os (plus dative, triggers no mutation)

  1. over, above
Derived terms

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical Eclipsis with h-prothesis with t-prothesis
os n-os hos t-os
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

  • Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “os”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
  • Entries containing “os” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

Istro-Romanian

Etymology

From Latin ossum, from os.

Noun

os n (plural ose, definite singular osu, definite plural osele)

  1. bone

Latin

Etymology 1

ōs (mouth)

From Proto-Italic *ōs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃éh₁os. Cognates include Hittite 𒀀𒄿𒅖 (aiš), Sanskrit आस् (ās), Old Irish á, Old English ōr.

Pronunciation

Noun

ōs n (genitive ōris); third declension

  1. mouth
    Synonym: bucca
    Hyponyms: buccula, ōsculum
    • 8 CE – 12 CE, Ovid, Sorrows 1.2.35–36:
      opprimet hanc animam flūctūs, frūstrāque precantī
      ōre necātūrās accipiēmus aquās
      Waves will crush this life, and just as I am uselessly praying, by mouth we will swallow waters soon to destroy us.
      (The poet laments his storm-tossed sea voyage to exile.)
    • Genesis, Vulgate 8.11:
      at illa venit ad eum ad vesperam portans ramum olivae virentibus foliis in ore suo intellexit ergo Noe quod cessassent aquae super terram
      But it came to him in the evening carrying a green-leaved olive branch in its mouth, therefore Noah understood that the waters above the land were coming to and end.
  2. (transferred sense) (in general) head or face
    Synonym: caput
    Synonyms: (Vulgar Latin) cara, faciēs, frōns, vultus
    ad aliquem ora convertere ― to turn the head or face towards someone
  3. (transferred sense) (in general) facial features, countenance, appearance
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.328–329:
      “ Sī quis mihi parvulus aulā / lūderet Aenēās, quī tē tamen ōre referret, .”
      “If for me someone were playing in the hall – a little Aeneas – who, although , would recall you by his appearance, .”
  4. (poetic) speech
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 2.423:
      primi clipeos mentitaque tela / adgnoscunt, atque ora sono discordia signant.
      • 1697 translation by John Dryden
        They first observe, and to the rest betray, / Our diff'rent speech; our borrow'd arms survey.
  5. mouth, lips, opening, entrance, aperture, orifice
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.659–660:
      Dīxit et ōs impressa torō, / ait .
      spoke and, having pressed her lips upon the bed, cried out: .
      (Although many translations have Dido bury her “face” in the “couch,” still others convey the symbolism of a farewell kiss. See: Fitzgerald, 1981: “And here she kissed the bed”; Ruden, 2021: “She kissed the bed”.)
  6. beak of a ship
  7. edge of a sword
This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them!
Inflection

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

Case Singular Plural
Nominative ōs ōra
Genitive ōris ōrum
Dative ōrī ōribus
Accusative ōs ōra
Ablative ōre ōribus
Vocative ōs ōra
Derived terms
Descendants
  • → English: os

Etymology 2

ossa manūs (bones of the hand)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”), *h₂óst. Cognates include Ancient Greek ὀστέον (ostéon), Sanskrit अस्थि (asthi) and Old Armenian ոսկր (oskr).

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

os n (genitive ossis); third declension

  1. (literal, anatomy) bone
    "ipsorum ore respondent se lassis post viam ossibus non posse de lecto surgere..." Regula magistri
    By the same mouth they respond that, due to their weary bones after travel, it is not possible to arise from bed.
    1. (transferred sense) hard or innermost part of trees or fruits; heartwood
  2. (figurative) bones, framework or outline of a discourse
This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them!
Inflection

Third-declension noun (neuter, i-stem).

Case Singular Plural
Nominative os ossa
Genitive ossis ossium
Dative ossī ossibus
Accusative os ossa
Ablative osse ossibus
Vocative os ossa
Derived terms
Related terms
Descendants
Descendants of os in other languages

References

  • "ōs", in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • "ŏs", in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • "ōs", in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • "os", in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • os in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 1095.
  • os in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to praise a man to his face: aliquem coram, in os or praesentem laudare
    • to be in every one's mouth: in ore omnium or omnibus (hominum or hominibus, but only mihi, tibi, etc.) esse
    • to harp on a thing, be always talking of it: in ore habere aliquid (Fam. 6. 18. 5)
    • physics; natural philosophy: physica (-orum) (Or. 34. 119); philosophia naturalis
    • logic, dialectic: dialectica (-ae or -orum) (pure Latin disserendi ratio et scientia)
    • all agree on this point: omnes (uno ore) in hac re consentiunt
    • unanimously: una voce; uno ore
    • mathematics: mathematica (-ae) or geometria (-ae), geometrica (-orum) (Tusc. 1. 24. 57)
    • arithmetic: arithmetica (-orum)
    • arithmetic: numeri (-orum)
    • no word escaped him: nullum verbum ex ore eius excidit (or simply ei)
    • maintain a devout silence (properly, utter no ill-omened word): favete ore, linguis = εὐφημειτε
    • to talk of a subject which was then the common topic of conversation: in eum sermonem incidere, qui tum fere multis erat in ore
    • (ambiguous) to draw every one's eyes upon one: omnium oculos (et ora) ad se convertere
    • (ambiguous) to be in every one's mouth: per omnium ora ferri
    • (ambiguous) to be a subject for gossip: in ora vulgi abire
  • Dizionario Latino italiano, Olivetti

Middle English

Pronoun

os

  1. Alternative form of us

Middle French

Noun

os m (plural os)

  1. bone

Descendants

  • French: os

Middle Low German

Pronunciation

Pronoun

ös

  1. (personal pronoun, dative, accusative) Alternative form of uns.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old Norse óss. Same as Latin os.

Noun

os m or n (definite singular osen or oset, indefinite plural osar or os, definite plural osane or osa)

  1. an outlet, estuary, river mouth (where a river runs out of a lake, or enters a lake or the ocean)

Etymology 2

Unknown.

Noun

os m (definite singular osen, indefinite plural osar, definite plural osane)

  1. to fume, smoke
  2. to reek, malodorousness
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Pronoun

os

  1. obsolete spelling of oss
    • 1770, Edvard Storm, “Guten aa Jenta paa Fjøshjellen”, in Den fyrste morgonblånen, Oslo: Novus, published 1990, page 233:
      Dæmæ venda os aat Bygden
      thus we turn towards the village

Etymology 4

Verb

os

  1. past tense of ase
  2. imperative of ose

Further reading

  • “os” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
  • “os”, in Norsk Ordbok: ordbok over det norske folkemålet og det nynorske skriftmålet, Oslo: Samlaget, 1950-2016

Old English

Alternative forms

Etymology

From earliest Old English *ons, *ans, from Proto-Germanic *ansuz (“god, deity”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ems- (“engender, beget”). Cognate with Old Norse áss.

Pronunciation

Noun

ōs m

  1. a god
  2. the runic character ᚩ (/o/ or /oː/)

Usage notes

  • The genitive plural ēsa (attested in ēsa gescot “the shot of the ēse”) and names such as Esegar display i-mutation, despite being a u-stem. This is likely a fossilization from an earlier stage between Proto-West Germanic *ansu and early Old English *ons, in which i-mutation was applied to the attested declined forms due to the word’s archaic meaning, rather than its active usage.
  • The nominative plural likely had the same process from above applied to it as well, in the form of *ēse.
  • Both i-mutated, and typically-expected forms for each affected declension are provided in the table below:

Declension

Declension of os (u-stem, irregular)
Case Singular Plural
nominative ōs *ēse, *ōsa
accusative ōs *ōsa
genitive *ōsa ēsa, *ōsa
dative ēse, *ōsa *ōsum

Synonyms

Old French

Etymology

From Latin ossum, popular variant of os.

Pronunciation

Noun

os oblique singular, m (oblique plural os, nominative singular os, nominative plural os)

  1. bone

Descendants

  • French: os

Old Irish

Alternative forms

  • as, es, is (aberrant Würzburg forms)

Etymology

Hamp derives this from Proto-Celtic *sonts, plural *sontes (whence ot); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁sónts. Copular origin explains the use of independent subject pronouns with this conjunction, which otherwise are usually used with the copula is.

A more traditional theory, assumed by Pedersen and Thurneysen among others, supposes that this is a contraction of ocus (“and”), with the apparent copular behaviour being analogical.

Conjunction

os (third-person plural ot)

  1. disjunctive conjunction

Usage notes

  • The conjunction takes on the form ot when used with the third-person plural pronoun é and os elsewhere.

Descendants

  • Middle Irish: os

References

  1. ^ Hamp, Eric P. (1978) “Varia II”, in Ériu‎, volume 29, Royal Irish Academy, →ISSN, →JSTOR, retrieved August 27, 2022, pages 149–154
  2. ^ García Castillero, Carlos (2013) “OLD IRISH TONIC PRONOUNS AS EXTRACLAUSAL CONSTITUENTS”, in Ériu‎, volume 63, Royal Irish Academy, →ISSN Invalid ISSN, →JSTOR, pages 1–39

Further reading

Old Saxon

Noun

os m

  1. Alternative form of as

Polish

Pronunciation

Noun

os f

  1. genitive plural of osa
    Synonym: ós

Portuguese

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese os, from Vulgar Latin *los, from Latin illōs.

Pronunciation

 

  • Hyphenation: os

Article

os

  2. masculine plural of o
Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:o.

See also
Portuguese articles (edit)
Singular Plural
Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
Definite articles
(the) 		o a os as
Indefinite articles
(a, an; some) 		um uma uns umas

Pronoun

os

  2. third-person plural direct objective personal pronoun; them
    Synonyms: (indirect objective) lhes, eles, (prepositional) elas
    Encontrei-os na rua.
    I met them at the street.
Usage notes
  • Becomes -los after verb forms ending in -r, -s, or -z, the pronouns nos and vos, and the adverb eis; the ending letter causing the change disappears.
    After ver: Posso vê-los? ― May I see them?
    After pôs: Pô-los ali. ― He put them there.
    After fiz: Fi-los ficarem contentes. ― I made them become happy.
    After nos: Deu-no-los relutantemente. ― He gave them to us reluctantly.
    After eis: Ei-los! ― Behold them!
  • Becomes -nos after a nasal diphthong: -ão, -am , -õe , -em, -êm .
    Detêm-nos como prisioneiros. ― They detain them as prisoners.
  • In Brazil it is being abandoned in favor of the nominative form eles.
    Eu os vi. → Eu vi eles. ― I saw them.
Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:os.

See also
Portuguese personal pronouns (edit)
Number Person Nominative
(subject) 		Accusative
(direct object) 		Dative
(indirect object) 		Prepositional Prepositional
with com 		Non-declining
m f m f m and f m f m f m f
Singular First eu me mim comigo
Second tu te ti contigo você
o senhor a senhora
Third ele ela o
(lo, no) 		a
(la, na) 		lhe ele ela com ele com ela o mesmo a mesma
se si consigo
Plural First nós nos nós connosco (Portugal)
conosco (Brazil) 		a gente
Second vós vos vós convosco, com vós vocês
os senhores as senhoras
Third eles elas os
(los, nos) 		as
(las, nas) 		lhes eles elas com eles com elas os mesmos as mesmas
se si consigo
Indefinite se si consigo

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

 

  • Hyphenation: os

Noun

os m

  2. plural of o

Romagnol

Noun

os m (invariable) (Bassa Romagna)

  1. door

Romanian

Etymology

Inherited from Latin ossum, popular variant of os, ossis, from Proto-Italic *ōs, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”), *h₂óst.

Compare Catalan os, French os, Italian osso, Portuguese osso, Sardinian ossu, Spanish hueso.

Pronunciation

Noun

os n (plural oase)

  1. bone

Declension

Declension of os
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) os osul (niște) oase oasele
genitive/dative (unui) os osului (unor) oase oaselor
vocative osule oaselor

Related terms

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Pronunciation

Preposition

os (+ dative, no mutation)

  1. (obsolete) over, above

Usage notes

  • Now used only in the compounds listed below.

Derived terms

Verb

os

  1. Alternative form of arsa used before vowels
    "Ial, ial," os a' chailleach ― "Ial, ial," said the old woman

Serbo-Croatian

Serbo-Croatian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sh

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *osь.

Pronunciation

Noun

ȏs f (Cyrillic spelling о̑с)

  1. (Croatia) axis

Declension

Declension of os
singular plural
nominative ȏs ȏsi
genitive ȏsi ósī
dative osi osima
accusative os osi
vocative osi osi
locative osi osima
instrumental osi osima

Slovak

Slovak Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sk

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *osь.

Pronunciation

Noun

os f (genitive singular osi, nominative plural osi, genitive plural osí, declension pattern of kosť)

  1. axis (geometry: imaginary line)
  2. axle

Declension

Declension of os
singular plural
nominative os osi
genitive osi osí
dative osi osiam
accusative os osi
locative osi osiach
instrumental osou osami

Derived terms

Further reading

  • “os”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Slovene

Slovene Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sl

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *osь.

Pronunciation

Noun

ọ̑s f

  1. axis (geometry: imaginary line)

Inflection

 The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
Feminine, i-stem, long mixed accent
nom. sing. ós
gen. sing. osí
singular dual plural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik) 		ós osí osí
genitive
(rodȋlnik) 		osí osí osí
dative
(dajȃlnik) 		ôsi oséma osém
accusative
(tožȋlnik) 		ós osí osí
locative
(mẹ̑stnik) 		ôsi oséh oséh
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik) 		osjó oséma osmí

Further reading

  • “os”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
  • “os”, in Termania, Amebis
  • See also the general references

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Latin vōs (accusative), vōbīs (dative).

Pronunciation

Pronoun

os

  1. you, to you, for you; dative and accusative of vosotros

See also

Spanish personal pronouns
nominative dative accusative disjunctive
first person singular yo me mí1
plural masculine2 nosotros nos nosotros
feminine nosotras nosotras
second person singular tuteo tú te ti1
voseo vos vos
formal3 usted le, se4 lo/la5 usted
plural familiar6 masculine2 vosotros os vosotros
feminine vosotras vosotras
formal/general3 ustedes les, se4 los/las5 ustedes
third person singular masculine2 él le, se4 lo él
feminine ella la ella
neuter ello7 lo ello
plural masculine2 ellos les, se4 los ellos
feminine ellas las ellas
reflexive — se sí1
  1. Not used with con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively
  2. Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
  3. Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
  4. If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., Se lo dije instead of Le lo dije)
  5. Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
  6. Used primarily in Spain
  7. Used only in rare circumstances

Further reading

Swedish

Etymology 1

Disputed. Possibly related to Latin odor, or alternatively Sanskrit वास (vāsa, “perfume”).

Pronunciation

Noun

os n

  1. (uncountable) (bad) smell, especially a strong smell originating from cooking
Declension
Declension of os 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative os oset - -
Genitive os osets - -

Etymology 2

From Old Norse óss.

Noun

os n

  1. a river mouth; the place where a creek, stream or river enters into a lake
  2. indefinite genitive singular of o
Declension
Declension of os 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative os oset os osen
Genitive os osets os osens

See also

References

Anagrams

Volapük

Pronoun

os

  1. (impersonal pronoun) it

Welsh

Etymology

o (“if”) +‎ -s (“him, her, it, them”)

Pronunciation

Conjunction

os

  1. if (used with factual conditionals, i.e., those that are considered likely or plausible)
    Os ydw i’n iawn, yna mae wedi canu arnat ti.
    If I’m right, then you’re done for.

See also

  • pe (used with counterfactual conditionals)

White Hmong

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Proto-Hmong-Mien *ʔap (“duck”), borrowed from Middle Chinese 鴨 (MC 'aep, “duck”).

Noun

os (classifier: tus)

  1. a duck

Etymology 2

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Not mentioned by Ratliff at all. Probably a natural exclamation in the same vein as English eh.”

Interjection

os

  1. a final emphatic particle, usually used to express sincerity
    Nyob zoo os. ― Hello.
    Tuaj os. ― You've come.
    Noj mov os. ― Please eat.

References

  • Heimbach, Ernest E. (1979) White Hmong — English Dictionary‎, SEAP Publications, →ISBN, page 4.
  1. ^ Ratliff, Martha (2010) Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN, page 129; 280.
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