oser

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See also: ôser, öser, and øser

French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French oser, from Late Latin ausāre, frequentative from Latin audeō. Compare Occitan ausar.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /o.ze/
  • audio(file)

Verb

oser

  1. to dare
    Je n’ose pas lui dire la vérité.
    I don't dare to tell him the truth.
  2. (Switzerland) to be allowed to

Conjugation

Conjugation of oser (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple oser
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple osant
/o.zɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle osé
/o.ze/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present ose
/oz/ 		oses
/oz/ 		ose
/oz/ 		osons
/o.zɔ̃/ 		osez
/o.ze/ 		osent
/oz/
imperfect osais
/o.zɛ/ 		osais
/o.zɛ/ 		osait
/o.zɛ/ 		osions
/o.zjɔ̃/ 		osiez
/o.zje/ 		osaient
/o.zɛ/
past historic2 osai
/o.ze/ 		osas
/o.za/ 		osa
/o.za/ 		osâmes
/o.zam/ 		osâtes
/o.zat/ 		osèrent
/o.zɛʁ/
future oserai
/oz.ʁe/ 		oseras
/oz.ʁa/ 		osera
/oz.ʁa/ 		oserons
/oz.ʁɔ̃/ 		oserez
/oz.ʁe/ 		oseront
/oz.ʁɔ̃/
conditional oserais
/oz.ʁɛ/ 		oserais
/oz.ʁɛ/ 		oserait
/oz.ʁɛ/ 		oserions
/o.zə.ʁjɔ̃/ 		oseriez
/o.zə.ʁje/ 		oseraient
/oz.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present ose
/oz/ 		oses
/oz/ 		ose
/oz/ 		osions
/o.zjɔ̃/ 		osiez
/o.zje/ 		osent
/oz/
imperfect2 osasse
/o.zas/ 		osasses
/o.zas/ 		osât
/o.za/ 		osassions
/o.za.sjɔ̃/ 		osassiez
/o.za.sje/ 		osassent
/o.zas/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — ose
/oz/ 		— osons
/o.zɔ̃/ 		osez
/o.ze/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

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Norwegian Nynorsk

Verb

oser

  1. present of osa

Old French

Etymology

From Late Latin ausāre, frequentative from Latin audēre.

Verb

oser

  1. to dare

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-ss, *-st are modified to s, st. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of oser (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive oser avoir osé
gerund en osant gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle osant
past participle osé
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses 		present os oses ose osons osez osent
imperfect osoie, oseie, osoe, oseve osoies, oseies, osoes, oseves osoit, oseit, osot, oseve osiiens, osiens osiiez, osiez osoient, oseient, osoent, osevent
preterite osai osas osa osames osastes oserent
future oserai oseras osera oserons oseroiz, osereiz, oserez oseront
conditional oseroie, osereie oseroies, osereies oseroit, osereit oseriiens, oseriens oseriiez, oseriez oseroient, osereient
compound
tenses 		present perfect present tense of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
past anterior preterite tense of avoir + past participle
future perfect future tense of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses 		present os os ost osons osez osent
imperfect osasse osasses osast osissons, osissiens osissoiz, osissez, osissiez osassent
compound
tenses 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— ose — osons osez —

Descendants

  • French: oser
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