From Proto-Basque *ote.[1]
ote inan
indefinite | singular | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
absolutive | ote | otea | oteak |
ergative | otek | oteak | oteek |
dative | oteri | oteari | oteei |
genitive | oteren | otearen | oteen |
comitative | oterekin | otearekin | oteekin |
causative | oterengatik | otearengatik | oteengatik |
benefactive | oterentzat | otearentzat | oteentzat |
instrumental | otez | oteaz | oteez |
inessive | otetan | otean | oteetan |
locative | otetako | oteko | oteetako |
allative | otetara | otera | oteetara |
terminative | otetaraino | oteraino | oteetaraino |
directive | otetarantz | oterantz | oteetarantz |
destinative | otetarako | oterako | oteetarako |
ablative | otetatik | otetik | oteetatik |
partitive | oterik | — | — |
prolative | otetzat | — | — |
ote
In Basque, yes/no questions require a modal particle. The most common one is al, which introduces no additional meaning. For tentative questions, ote is used. The related particle omen indicates hearsay, but it's not used to form direct questions. All these particles are placed immediately before (auxiliary) verb forms.
ote
Inflection of ote (Kotus type 48*C/hame, tt-t gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | ote | otteet | |
genitive | otteen | otteiden otteitten | |
partitive | otetta | otteita | |
illative | otteeseen | otteisiin otteihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | ote | otteet | |
accusative | nom. | ote | otteet |
gen. | otteen | ||
genitive | otteen | otteiden otteitten | |
partitive | otetta | otteita | |
inessive | otteessa | otteissa | |
elative | otteesta | otteista | |
illative | otteeseen | otteisiin otteihin | |
adessive | otteella | otteilla | |
ablative | otteelta | otteilta | |
allative | otteelle | otteille | |
essive | otteena | otteina | |
translative | otteeksi | otteiksi | |
abessive | otteetta | otteitta | |
instructive | — | ottein | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
ōte
ote
From Old English āte (plural ātan), from Proto-West Germanic *aitā, from Proto-Germanic *aitǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyd- (“to swell”). Related to Old Norse eitill (“lymph node”).
Cognates include Minica Huitoto ote and Nüpode Huitoto otde.
ote
Nonfuture indicative | Future indicative | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
affirmative | negative | affirmative | negative | ||||||
m | f | m | f | m | f | m | f | ||
1st sg | otɨkue | oñedɨkue | 1st sg | oitɨkue | oñeitɨkue | ||||
2nd sg | oto | oñedo | 2nd sg | oito | oñeito | ||||
3rd sg anim1) | otɨmɨe | otɨñaiño | oñedɨmɨe | oñedɨñaiño | 3rd sg anim1) | oitɨmɨe | oitɨñaiño | oñeitɨmɨe | oñeitɨñaiño |
1st du | otɨkoko | otɨkaɨñaɨ | oñedɨkoko | oñedɨkaɨñaɨ | 1st du | oitɨkoko | oitɨkaɨñaɨ | oñeitɨkoko | oñeitɨkaɨñaɨ |
2nd du | otomɨko | otomɨñoɨ | oñedomɨko | oñedomɨñoɨ | 2nd du | oitomɨko | oitomɨñoɨ | oñeitomɨko | oñeitomɨñoɨ |
3rd du anim1) | otaɨmaiaɨ | otaɨñuaɨ | oñedaɨmaiaɨ | oñedaɨñuaɨ | 3rd du anim1) | oitaɨmaiaɨ | oitaɨñuaɨ | oñeitaɨmaiaɨ | oñeitaɨñuaɨ |
1st pl | otɨkaɨ | oñedɨkaɨ | 1st pl | oitɨkaɨ | oñeitɨkaɨ | ||||
2nd pl | otomoɨ | oñedomoɨ | 2nd pl | oitomoɨ | oñeitomoɨ | ||||
3rd pl anim1) | otɨmakɨ | oñedɨmakɨ | 3rd pl anim1) | oitɨmakɨ | oñeitɨmakɨ | ||||
3rd neut | ote | oñede | 3rd neut | oite | oñeite | ||||
Imperative | Apprehensive | Future event | Passive | Negative passive | Overlap | ||||
simple | immediate | prohibitive | nonfuture | future | nonfuture | future | |||
ono! | onokai! | oñeno! | oiza! | oye | oga | oyɨ | oñega | oñeyɨ | okana |
Conditional | 1) The animate 3rd person inflections are only used when the animacy of the subject needs to be emphasised. Otherwise, the neutral 3rd singular is used. *) Same-time forms may be formed from any indicative form by adding the ending -mo directly to the inflected form. **) The evidentiality markers -dɨ, -za and -ta may be added to any indicative form. | ||||||||
real | hypothetical | immediate | |||||||
oia | ona | okaina |
From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀tɪ́.
oté (plural eté)
ote
ote (Cyrillic spelling оте)
ote
-ote (declinable)
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
1st person | — | sote | |
2nd person | — | nyote | |
3rd person | m-wa(I/II) | wote | wote |
m-mi(III/IV) | wote | yote | |
ji-ma(V/VI) | lote | yote | |
ki-vi(VII/VIII) | chote | vyote | |
n(IX/X) | yote | zote | |
u(XI) | wote | see n(X) or ma(VI) | |
ku(XV/XVII) | kote | ||
pa(XVI) | pote | ||
mu(XVIII) | mote | ||
For a full table, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns. |